Betrayal - Revision history

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2019-02-08T16:10:04Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk: /* Using the pattern */

2018-03-18T12:48:46Z

‎Using the pattern

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2018-03-18T11:09:36Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk at 07:47, 27 September 2016

2016-09-27T07:47:03Z

Staffan Björk at 10:16, 11 August 2015

2015-08-11T10:16:33Z

Staffan Björk at 17:48, 28 January 2015

2015-01-28T17:48:38Z

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2015-01-17T15:53:11Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk: /* Consequences */

2015-01-17T15:52:51Z

‎Consequences

Staffan Björk at 15:52, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T15:52:44Z

Staffan Björk at 10:03, 16 January 2015

2015-01-16T10:03:33Z

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 == Relations ==
 === Can Instantiate ===
-[[Asymmetric Information]], [[Bluffing]], [[Challenging Gameplay]],
+[[Asymmetric Information]],
 [[Conflicts]],
 [[Exceptional Events]],
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 [[Altruistic Actions]],
 [[Beat the Leader]],
 [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]], [[Delayed Reciprocity]],
 [[Gossip]],

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 == Using the pattern ==
-[[Betrayal]] requires that players have some goal whose completion is dependent on other players' actions, even if the goals may be [[Player Defined Goals]] and the commitment may only be a promise (and even one consisting only of non-interference). It also typically assumes an amount of [[Imperfect Information]] or [[Uncertainty of Information]]. A variant is if players can have some type of agreement to not hinder each other in reaching goals but those goals are actually [[Interferable Goals]] so that [[Betrayal]] can happen.
+[[Betrayal]] requires that players have some goal whose completion is dependent on other players' actions, even if the goals may be [[Player-Defined Goals]] and the commitment may only be a promise (and even one consisting only of non-interference). It also typically assumes an amount of [[Imperfect Information]] or [[Uncertainty of Information]]. A variant is if players can have some type of agreement to not hinder each other in reaching goals but those goals are actually [[Interferable Goals]] so that [[Betrayal]] can happen.
 On a general level, [[Betrayal]] requires establishing a [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] - or at least the perception of one - and then introduce possibilities of gaining more from betraying one's "partners" than cooperating with them (a classical example of this is the iterated [[Prisoner's Dilemma]] game). There are several ways to increase the sense of [[Betrayal]]. A first is to make the [[Betrayal]] relate to a [[Committed Goals|Committed Goal]] rather than [[Optional Goals|Optional one]]. A second is to place the players in [[Factions]] or [[Mutual Goals]], and then make use of [[Traitors]]. This shows how [[Betrayal]] also can be applied on [[Non-Player Characters]] either as the ones betraying or the ones being betrayed, and this makes [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] necessary. A third is to have the possibility of [[Anonymous Actions]] so that players may not be sure if they actually have been betrayed or not, and can possibly be stringed along so they are betrayed multiple times. When [[Traitors]] are used, in may be worth considering if they should be able to set up [[Traps]] since being the victim of one is a sure way to have been betrayed. The possibility to make [[Surprise Attacks]] are often used with [[Betrayal]] to make the act of betraying more significant (examples of this can usually be found in game instances of [[Battlestar Galactica: The Board Game]]). Games where players can [[Beat the Leader]] have a potential for [[Betrayal]] in that players may turn again those they have previously collaborated with when these appear to be the leaders.

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 === Can Modulate ===
 [[Anticipation]],
-[[Collaborative Actions]], [[Cooperation]], [[Factions]], [[Inherent Mistrust]], [[Mutual Goals]],
+[[Committed Goals]],
 [[Narration Structures]],
 [[Non-Player Characters]],
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 === Can Be Modulated By ===
-[[Anonymous Actions]],
+[[Anonymous Actions]]
-[[Committed Goals]]
 === Possible Closure Effects ===

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 == Using the pattern ==
-[[Betrayal]] requires that players have some goal whose completion is dependent on other players' actions, even if the goals may be [[Player Defined Goals]] and the commitment may only be a promise (and even one consisting only of non-interference). It also assumes an amount of [[Imperfect Information]] or [[Uncertainty of Information]].
+[[Betrayal]] requires that players have some goal whose completion is dependent on other players' actions, even if the goals may be [[Player Defined Goals]] and the commitment may only be a promise (and even one consisting only of non-interference). It also typically assumes an amount of [[Imperfect Information]] or [[Uncertainty of Information]]. A variant is if players can have some type of agreement to not hinder each other in reaching goals but those goals are actually [[Interferable Goals]] so that [[Betrayal]] can happen.
-On a general level, [[Betrayal]] requires establishing a [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] - or at least the perception of one - and then introduce possibilities of gaining more from betraying one's "partners" than cooperating with them (a classical example of this is the iterated [[Prisoner's Dilemma]] game). However, there are several ways to increase the sense of [[Betrayal]]. A first is to make the [[Betrayal]] relate to a [[Committed Goals|Committed Goal]] rather than [[Optional Goals|Optional one]]. A second is to place the players in [[Factions]] or [[Mutual Goals]], and then make use of [[Traitors]]. This shows how [[Betrayal]] also can be applied on [[Non-Player Characters]] either as the ones betraying or the ones being betrayed, and this makes [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] necessary. A third is to have the possibility of [[Anonymous Actions]] so that players may not be sure if they actually have been betrayed or not, and can possibly be stringed along so they are betrayed multiple times. When [[Traitors]] are used, in may be worth considering if they should be able to set up [[Traps]] since being the victim of one is a sure way to have been betrayed. The possibility to make [[Surprise Attacks]] are often used with [[Betrayal]] to make the act of betraying more significant (examples of this can usually be found in game instances of [[Battlestar Galactica: The Board Game]]). Games where players can [[Beat the Leader]] have a potential for [[Betrayal]] in that players may turn again those they have previously collaborated with when these appear to be the leaders.
+On a general level, [[Betrayal]] requires establishing a [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] - or at least the perception of one - and then introduce possibilities of gaining more from betraying one's "partners" than cooperating with them (a classical example of this is the iterated [[Prisoner's Dilemma]] game). There are several ways to increase the sense of [[Betrayal]]. A first is to make the [[Betrayal]] relate to a [[Committed Goals|Committed Goal]] rather than [[Optional Goals|Optional one]]. A second is to place the players in [[Factions]] or [[Mutual Goals]], and then make use of [[Traitors]]. This shows how [[Betrayal]] also can be applied on [[Non-Player Characters]] either as the ones betraying or the ones being betrayed, and this makes [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] necessary. A third is to have the possibility of [[Anonymous Actions]] so that players may not be sure if they actually have been betrayed or not, and can possibly be stringed along so they are betrayed multiple times. When [[Traitors]] are used, in may be worth considering if they should be able to set up [[Traps]] since being the victim of one is a sure way to have been betrayed. The possibility to make [[Surprise Attacks]] are often used with [[Betrayal]] to make the act of betraying more significant (examples of this can usually be found in game instances of [[Battlestar Galactica: The Board Game]]). Games where players can [[Beat the Leader]] have a potential for [[Betrayal]] in that players may turn again those they have previously collaborated with when these appear to be the leaders.
 Creating [[Social Dilemmas]] between group and [[Individual Rewards]] is another way to at least make the choice of [[Betrayal]] emotionally relevant. Less severe cases of [[Betrayal]] can happen in [[Collaborative Actions]] (e.g. attacks in [[Illuminati]]) and in situations of [[Delayed Reciprocity]] such as [[Player Decided Distributions]] (e.g. [[Intrigue]]) or [[Trading]] with [[Delayed Effects]]. Games supporting [[Altruistic Actions]] let players set themselves up to being betrayed if they expect a [[Delayed Reciprocity]]. The impact of [[Betrayal]] can also be lessened in games which have [[Inherent Mistrust]], something which may be impossible to avoid if the knowledge that [[Traitors]] exist are part of [[Strategic Planning]].
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 [[Gossip]],
 [[Imperfect Information]],
 [[Negotiation]], [[Social Dilemmas]],
 [[Surprise Attacks]],

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 On a general level, [[Betrayal]] requires establishing a [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] - or at least the perception of one - and then introduce possibilities of gaining more from betraying one's "partners" than cooperating with them (a classical example of this is the iterated [[Prisoner's Dilemma]] game). However, there are several ways to increase the sense of [[Betrayal]]. A first is to make the [[Betrayal]] relate to a [[Committed Goals|Committed Goal]] rather than [[Optional Goals|Optional one]]. A second is to place the players in [[Factions]] or [[Mutual Goals]], and then make use of [[Traitors]]. This shows how [[Betrayal]] also can be applied on [[Non-Player Characters]] either as the ones betraying or the ones being betrayed, and this makes [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] necessary. A third is to have the possibility of [[Anonymous Actions]] so that players may not be sure if they actually have been betrayed or not, and can possibly be stringed along so they are betrayed multiple times. When [[Traitors]] are used, in may be worth considering if they should be able to set up [[Traps]] since being the victim of one is a sure way to have been betrayed. The possibility to make [[Surprise Attacks]] are often used with [[Betrayal]] to make the act of betraying more significant (examples of this can usually be found in game instances of [[Battlestar Galactica: The Board Game]]). Games where players can [[Beat the Leader]] have a potential for [[Betrayal]] in that players may turn again those they have previously collaborated with when these appear to be the leaders.
-Creating [[Social Dilemmas]] between group and [[Individual Rewards]] is another way to at least make the choice of [[Betrayal]] emotionally relevant. Less severe cases of [[Betrayal]] can happen in [[Collaborative Actions]] (e.g. attacks in [[Illuminati]]) and in situations of [[Delayed Reciprocity]] such as [[Player Decided Distribution of Rewards & Penalties]] (e.g. [[Intrigue]]) or [[Trading]] with [[Delayed Effects]]. Games supporting [[Altruistic Actions]] let players set themselves up to being betrayed if they expect a [[Delayed Reciprocity]]. The impact of [[Betrayal]] can also be lessened in games which have [[Inherent Mistrust]], something which may be impossible to avoid if the knowledge that [[Traitors]] exist are part of [[Strategic Planning]].
+Creating [[Social Dilemmas]] between group and [[Individual Rewards]] is another way to at least make the choice of [[Betrayal]] emotionally relevant. Less severe cases of [[Betrayal]] can happen in [[Collaborative Actions]] (e.g. attacks in [[Illuminati]]) and in situations of [[Delayed Reciprocity]] such as [[Player Decided Distributions]] (e.g. [[Intrigue]]) or [[Trading]] with [[Delayed Effects]]. Games supporting [[Altruistic Actions]] let players set themselves up to being betrayed if they expect a [[Delayed Reciprocity]]. The impact of [[Betrayal]] can also be lessened in games which have [[Inherent Mistrust]], something which may be impossible to avoid if the knowledge that [[Traitors]] exist are part of [[Strategic Planning]].
 When [[Betrayal]] depends on players coming to an voluntary agreement, this is a form of [[Temporary Alliances|Temporary Alliance]] and requires that players can participate in [[Negotiation]] (this is exemplified by the gameplay of [[Diplomacy]]).  For the type of [[Negotiation]] necessary to be possible, it is required that [[Roleplaying]] or at least [[Bluffing]] is possible, and the concealment of planned [[Betrayal|Betrayals]] is often the basis for much of the enjoyment of the game. Those [[Alliances]] that do not require investments, i.e. [[Uncommitted Alliances]], may make it easier to commit [[Betrayal|Betrayals]] but at the same time lessen the impact of them. An example is where [[Tied Results]] can be perceived and [[Rewards]] are distributed evenly: in these cases, players may negotiate to have a [[Tied Results|Tied Result]] in order to use their [[Resources]] and efforts in other parts of the game but have the possibility of [[Betrayal]] to gain the whole [[Rewards|Reward]] for themselves.

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 [[Role Fulfillment]],
 [[Role Reversal]],
 [[Social Dilemmas]],
 [[Social Interaction]],
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 [[Non-Player Characters]],
 [[Parties]],
 [[Teams]],
 [[Temporary Alliances]], [[Uncommitted Alliances]]

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 == Consequences ==
-The plan to commit [[Betrayal]] is a [[Secret Goals|Secret Goal] and the possibility of this in a game shows that a it has [[Player Unpredictability]]. It introduces a level of [[PvP]] gameplay in games even if this may be only that players have to consider the possibility of other players acting against them. Letting players have the opportunity to betray gives them a form of [[Player Decided Results]] and a [[Risk/Reward]] choice, maybe requiring [[Roleplaying]] if the [[Betrayal]] takes some time to setup (as is typically for [[Traitors]]). In fact, without the presence of [[Anonymous Actions]] the [[Betrayal]] is a [[Irreversible Events|Irreversible Event]] that can only happen once. For players that know that they can be betrayed, the presence of the pattern in a game gives [[Anticipation]] and [[Tension]] to the gameplay, even more so for games with [[Cooperation]], [[Parties]] or [[Teams]] even though at the cost of lessening their presence. As is the case with [[Bluffing]], even the perceived possibility of [[Betrayal]] can increase [[Social Interaction]] between players and require them to take [[Leap of Faith]]. In these cases, the heightened [[Tension]] is due to the players trying to find out what the other players' true intentions are. Since [[Betrayal]] can require players to take on a specific role, successfully executing a betrayal can provide an experience of [[Role Fulfillment]].
+The plan to commit [[Betrayal]] is a [[Secret Goals|Secret Goal]] and the possibility of this in a game shows that a it has [[Player Unpredictability]]. It introduces a level of [[PvP]] gameplay in games even if this may be only that players have to consider the possibility of other players acting against them. Letting players have the opportunity to betray gives them a form of [[Player Decided Results]] and a [[Risk/Reward]] choice, maybe requiring [[Roleplaying]] if the [[Betrayal]] takes some time to setup (as is typically for [[Traitors]]). In fact, without the presence of [[Anonymous Actions]] the [[Betrayal]] is a [[Irreversible Events|Irreversible Event]] that can only happen once. For players that know that they can be betrayed, the presence of the pattern in a game gives [[Anticipation]] and [[Tension]] to the gameplay, even more so for games with [[Cooperation]], [[Parties]] or [[Teams]] even though at the cost of lessening their presence. As is the case with [[Bluffing]], even the perceived possibility of [[Betrayal]] can increase [[Social Interaction]] between players and require them to take [[Leap of Faith]]. In these cases, the heightened [[Tension]] is due to the players trying to find out what the other players' true intentions are. Since [[Betrayal]] can require players to take on a specific role, successfully executing a betrayal can provide an experience of [[Role Fulfillment]].
 [[Betrayal]] can be used to create more [[Challenging Gameplay]] (using the ''bio-terrorist'' from the ''On the Brink'' expansion to [[Pandemic]] is an example of this), but works badly with [[Casual Gameplay]] since it can require players to depend on other players. Having to consider [[Betrayal]] also makes for more [[Complex Gameplay]].

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 When [[Betrayal]] is not built upon a [[Social Dilemmas|Social Dilemma]] it often created one instead. [[Betrayal|Betrayals]] are of course also a natural source for [[Surprises]], [[Exceptional Events]], and [[Conflicts]]; unless all players need to do it, choosing to commit a [[Betrayal]] is choosing to take on a certain [[Social Roles|Social Role]].
 == Relations ==
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 [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
 [[PvP]],
-[[Risk/Reward]], [[Roleplaying]],
+[[Ragequitting]],
 [[Role Fulfillment]],
 [[Role Reversal]],