Enemies - Revision history

Staffan Björk: /* Can Instantiate */

2022-10-11T08:51:40Z

‎Can Instantiate

Staffan Björk: /* Using the pattern */

2022-10-11T08:51:04Z

‎Using the pattern

Staffan Björk: /* Using the pattern */

2022-10-11T08:50:44Z

‎Using the pattern

Staffan Björk at 10:11, 13 May 2022

2022-05-13T10:11:53Z

Staffan Björk at 09:30, 21 September 2016

2016-09-21T09:30:28Z

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2016-09-07T10:56:09Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk: /* Using the pattern */

2016-09-07T10:55:49Z

‎Using the pattern

Staffan Björk at 07:53, 3 September 2016

2016-09-03T07:53:01Z

Staffan Björk at 12:46, 1 September 2016

2016-09-01T12:46:17Z

Staffan Björk at 18:14, 9 August 2016

2016-08-09T18:14:22Z

@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
 [[PvE]],
-[[Social Dilemma]], [[Surprises]],
+[[Social Dilemma]],
 [[Tactical Planning]],
 [[Tension]],

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 The cause for enmity between the player and the [[Enemies]] can usually be described through a Goal/[[Preventing Goals|Preventing Goal]] pair. Such an overarching goal can then be used to create numerous subgoals within [[Goal Hierarchies]]: a [[Collections]] of goals that consist of several duels, [[Gain Information]] goals to gain the identity of the [[Enemies]] or their [[Vulnerabilities]] (or [[Achilles' Heels]]), [[Overcome]] to defeat the henchmen of the [[Enemies|Enemy]], [[Supporting Goals]] to find the [[Tools]], or learn the [[Skills]] for defeating the [[Enemies|Enemy]], and so on. However, causes compatible with the diegesis need to be found to explain why these [[Enemies]] cannot be encountered early in the game if [[Diegetic Consistency]] is to be maintained. For [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Mutual Enemies]] can be created by making them hostile towards sets of players (and thereby suggesting [[Alliances]] if [[Teams]] are not already present). Sometimes [[Enemies]] can be simply created through providing [[Inhabitants]] with [[Loot]].
-For game elements to be able to function as [[Enemies]] they need some way of negatively effecting players. Actions that allow [[Combat]] and can remove [[Health]] or [[Lives]] (and thereby threatening [[Survive]] goals]]) are the most common, but those giving players [[Penalties]] offer alternatives that do not diegetically imply [[Eliminate]] goals. Since these action reduce players' [[Resources]], [[Enemies]] can often be seen as a form of [[Consumers]]. Giving the [[Enemies]] the possibility of doing the actions players can may be required to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], e.g. [[Enemies]] without the possibility for [[Movement]] are in themselves typically not a challenge against players that control [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] that can move.
+For game elements to be able to function as [[Enemies]] they need some way of negatively effecting players. Actions that allow [[Combat]] and can remove [[Health]] or [[Lives]] (and thereby threatening [[Survive]] goals) are the most common, but those giving players [[Penalties]] offer alternatives that do not diegetically imply [[Eliminate]] goals. Since these action reduce players' [[Resources]], [[Enemies]] can often be seen as a form of [[Consumers]]. Giving the [[Enemies]] the possibility of doing the actions players can may be required to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], e.g. [[Enemies]] without the possibility for [[Movement]] are in themselves typically not a challenge against players that control [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] that can move.
 Another primary design choice when defining [[Enemies]] is how players can [[Overcome]] or avoid them after they have begun to actively oppose them. There may be many ways to do this, which may change during gameplay, often mirroring the way the [[Enemies]] can effect the players. For example, [[Evade]] goals can allow players to avoid [[Penalties]] the [[Enemies]] can cause but only if these are caused by them succeeding with [[Aim & Shoot]] actions, [[Connection]] goals, or similar (and for this reason this pattern is seen as modulating [[Evade]] rather than instantiating it - it is the threat of [[Penalties]] that is more important). For more challenging [[Enemies]], and especially [[Boss Monsters]], players may have to complete several subgoals before having the chance to challenge the [[Enemies]] at all. Typical ways of overcoming Enemies are by [[Eliminate|Elimination]] (most often in the form of [[Aim & Shoot]] as in first-person shooters such as the [[Doom series]]), by permanently making [[Interferable Goals]] impossible or by converting through succeeding with [[Gain Ownership]] goals. [[Internal Rivalry]] is a way to use [[Diegetic Consistency]] as a way restrict the ways [[Enemies]] can struggle against each other. Related to overcoming [[Enemies]] is the effect of doing so has. Besides fulfilling any eventual goals, the handing out of [[Experience Points]] and [[Loot]] are common design solutions (and may be expected by players in certain genres, e.g. [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]) and the latter makes [[Enemies]] into potential [[Resource Sources]].

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 The cause for enmity between the player and the [[Enemies]] can usually be described through a Goal/[[Preventing Goals|Preventing Goal]] pair. Such an overarching goal can then be used to create numerous subgoals within [[Goal Hierarchies]]: a [[Collections]] of goals that consist of several duels, [[Gain Information]] goals to gain the identity of the [[Enemies]] or their [[Vulnerabilities]] (or [[Achilles' Heels]]), [[Overcome]] to defeat the henchmen of the [[Enemies|Enemy]], [[Supporting Goals]] to find the [[Tools]], or learn the [[Skills]] for defeating the [[Enemies|Enemy]], and so on. However, causes compatible with the diegesis need to be found to explain why these [[Enemies]] cannot be encountered early in the game if [[Diegetic Consistency]] is to be maintained. For [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Mutual Enemies]] can be created by making them hostile towards sets of players (and thereby suggesting [[Alliances]] if [[Teams]] are not already present). Sometimes [[Enemies]] can be simply created through providing [[Inhabitants]] with [[Loot]].
-For game elements to be able to function as [[Enemies]] they need some way of negatively effecting players. Actions that allow [[Combat]] and can remove [[Health]] or [[Lives]] are the most common, but those giving players [[Penalties]] offer alternatives that do not diegetically imply [[Eliminate]] goals. Since these action reduce players' [[Resources]], [[Enemies]] can often be seen as a form of [[Consumers]]. Giving the [[Enemies]] the possibility of doing the actions players can may be required to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], e.g. [[Enemies]] without the possibility for [[Movement]] are in themselves typically not a challenge against players that control [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] that can move.
+For game elements to be able to function as [[Enemies]] they need some way of negatively effecting players. Actions that allow [[Combat]] and can remove [[Health]] or [[Lives]] (and thereby threatening [[Survive]] goals]]) are the most common, but those giving players [[Penalties]] offer alternatives that do not diegetically imply [[Eliminate]] goals. Since these action reduce players' [[Resources]], [[Enemies]] can often be seen as a form of [[Consumers]]. Giving the [[Enemies]] the possibility of doing the actions players can may be required to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], e.g. [[Enemies]] without the possibility for [[Movement]] are in themselves typically not a challenge against players that control [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] that can move.
 Another primary design choice when defining [[Enemies]] is how players can [[Overcome]] or avoid them after they have begun to actively oppose them. There may be many ways to do this, which may change during gameplay, often mirroring the way the [[Enemies]] can effect the players. For example, [[Evade]] goals can allow players to avoid [[Penalties]] the [[Enemies]] can cause but only if these are caused by them succeeding with [[Aim & Shoot]] actions, [[Connection]] goals, or similar (and for this reason this pattern is seen as modulating [[Evade]] rather than instantiating it - it is the threat of [[Penalties]] that is more important). For more challenging [[Enemies]], and especially [[Boss Monsters]], players may have to complete several subgoals before having the chance to challenge the [[Enemies]] at all. Typical ways of overcoming Enemies are by [[Eliminate|Elimination]] (most often in the form of [[Aim & Shoot]] as in first-person shooters such as the [[Doom series]]), by permanently making [[Interferable Goals]] impossible or by converting through succeeding with [[Gain Ownership]] goals. [[Internal Rivalry]] is a way to use [[Diegetic Consistency]] as a way restrict the ways [[Enemies]] can struggle against each other. Related to overcoming [[Enemies]] is the effect of doing so has. Besides fulfilling any eventual goals, the handing out of [[Experience Points]] and [[Loot]] are common design solutions (and may be expected by players in certain genres, e.g. [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]) and the latter makes [[Enemies]] into potential [[Resource Sources]].

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 The same options regarding when the entities become hostile apply to temporary [[Enemies]]. In addition, these need either a fixed limitation on how long the hostile stance is maintained (which gives rise to an [[Ultra-Powerful Events|Ultra-Powerful Event]] and provides a basis for a [[Time Limits|time-limited]] [[Survive]] goal) or have rules for determining when the change occur. Thus, player may have the options of choosing if they want to try to make [[NPCs]] into [[Helpers]] or [[Companions]], or turning them into [[Enemies]]. This is typically a [[Trade-Offs|Trade-Off]].
-The cause for enmity between the player and the [[Enemies]] can usually be described through a Goal/[[Preventing Goals|Preventing Goal]] pair. Such an overarching goal can then be used to create numerous subgoals within [[Goal Hierarchies]]: a [[Collection]] of goals that consist of several duels, [[Gain Information]] goals to gain the identity of the [[Enemies]] or their [[Vulnerabilities]] (or [[Achilles' Heels]]), [[Overcome]] to defeat the henchmen of the [[Enemies|Enemy]], [[Supporting Goals]] to find the [[Tools]], or learn the [[Skills]] for defeating the [[Enemies|Enemy]], and so on. However, causes compatible with the diegesis need to be found to explain why these [[Enemies]] cannot be encountered early in the game if [[Diegetic Consistency]] is to be maintained. For [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Mutual Enemies]] can be created by making them hostile towards sets of players (and thereby suggesting [[Alliances]] if [[Teams]] are not already present). Sometimes [[Enemies]] can be simply created through providing [[Inhabitants]] with [[Loot]].
+The cause for enmity between the player and the [[Enemies]] can usually be described through a Goal/[[Preventing Goals|Preventing Goal]] pair. Such an overarching goal can then be used to create numerous subgoals within [[Goal Hierarchies]]: a [[Collections]] of goals that consist of several duels, [[Gain Information]] goals to gain the identity of the [[Enemies]] or their [[Vulnerabilities]] (or [[Achilles' Heels]]), [[Overcome]] to defeat the henchmen of the [[Enemies|Enemy]], [[Supporting Goals]] to find the [[Tools]], or learn the [[Skills]] for defeating the [[Enemies|Enemy]], and so on. However, causes compatible with the diegesis need to be found to explain why these [[Enemies]] cannot be encountered early in the game if [[Diegetic Consistency]] is to be maintained. For [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Mutual Enemies]] can be created by making them hostile towards sets of players (and thereby suggesting [[Alliances]] if [[Teams]] are not already present). Sometimes [[Enemies]] can be simply created through providing [[Inhabitants]] with [[Loot]].
 For game elements to be able to function as [[Enemies]] they need some way of negatively effecting players. Actions that allow [[Combat]] and can remove [[Health]] or [[Lives]] are the most common, but those giving players [[Penalties]] offer alternatives that do not diegetically imply [[Eliminate]] goals. Since these action reduce players' [[Resources]], [[Enemies]] can often be seen as a form of [[Consumers]]. Giving the [[Enemies]] the possibility of doing the actions players can may be required to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], e.g. [[Enemies]] without the possibility for [[Movement]] are in themselves typically not a challenge against players that control [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] that can move.
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 [[Attention Swapping]],
 [[Capture]],
-[[Challenging Gameplay]], [[Combat]], [[Competition]], [[Complex Gameplay]],
+[[Challenging Gameplay]],
 [[Conceal]],
 [[Conflicts]],

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Another aspect of [[Enemies]] is if they always behave in the same way or if they have different set of behaviors. Having [[Enemies]] in passive states, as for example some of the infected in the [[Left 4 Dead series]], can provide players the opportunity to have a [[Freedom of Choice]] between [[Combat]] and [[Conceal]] (and thereby [[Stealth]]) goals. The same goes for [[Enemies]] that patrol areas with [[Guard]] goals, except that this create more [[Complex Gameplay]]. Players may not need to choose any of these, but if the [[Enemies]] populate the environment needed to cross to complete [[Traverse]] goals, a choice can be forced from them. Games providing these different states have the possibility of using [[Alarms]], either as [[Traps]] which players can set off or to give players the [[Preventing Goals]] of hindering the [[Enemies]] to activate the [[Alarms]] when they have detected something. [[Enemies]] that flee when hurt or outnumbered may provide [[Diegetic Consistency]] while at the same time also making it possible to have [[Capture]] or [[Eliminate]] goals before they heal, regroup, or get reinforcements. Passive [[Enemies]] also allow players to try and engage in [[Stealing]] [[Transferable Items]] from them.
-Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawning Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]] while [[Laning]] can make their appearance predictable but still allow for different choices of tactics and strategies. They can also be used to ensure [[Ever Increasing Difficulty]] due to steadily increasing numbers and difficulties of [[Enemies]].
+Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawn Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]] while [[Laning]] can make their appearance predictable but still allow for different choices of tactics and strategies. They can also be used to ensure [[Ever Increasing Difficulty]] due to steadily increasing numbers and difficulties of [[Enemies]].
 They may block paths to [[Traverse]] goal (especially easy at [[Choke Points]]), may make areas into [[Inaccessible Areas]], may be the objectives of [[Reconnaissance]] goals as long as there is [[Uncertainty of Information]] regarding their location, or may be [[Surprises]] in [[Game World Exploration]] goals. In games requiring [[Maneuvering]] they can provide additional hazards that have to be actively avoided. Used together with [[Galleries]] or other types of areas that have [[Choke Points]] they can effectively create [[Conditional Passageways]]. These in turn can create (temporary) [[Inaccessible Areas]] until the [[Enemies]] have been dealt with. [[Sniper Locations]] and [[Strongholds]] can also create [[Inaccessible Areas]] but in these cases this is not so much an effect of [[Movement]] being denied as easily being eliminated while moving.
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 [[Privileged Movement]], [[Randomness]], [[Skills]],
 [[Sniper Locations]],
-[[Spawning]], [[Spawning Points]],
+[[Spawn Points]],
 [[Stealing]],
 [[Strongholds]],

@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 ==== with [[Achilles' Heels]] ====
 [[Experimenting]],
-[[Puzzle Solving]]
+[[Puzzle Solving]],
 ==== with [[Choke Points]] ====

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 For [[Enemies]] to actively oppose players they do need some kind of behavior, which can either be controlled by humans or by predetermined structures (i.e. [[Algorithmic Agents]]). Other humans (as players or [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]]) ofter the most unpredictable behavior, so in many cases the most challenging [[Enemies]] are found in [[Multiplayer Games]] but [[Algorithmic Agents]] can also be made very challenging by having [[Privileged Abilities]] or more information (i.e. the game has [[Asymmetric Information]]), but this easily conflicts with players' sense of [[Player Balance]] and quite likely also with [[Determinable Chance to Succeed]], especially when this makes the effect of the [[Algorithmic Agents|Algorithmic Agents']] actions into [[Ultra-Powerful Events]]. By definition, [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] and [[Game Masters]] can provide unbeatable [[Enemies]] since they can enforce [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] whenever they wish, but this is tempered by their assumed goal of making players have somewhat of a [[Determinable Chance to Succeed]] and an [[Exaggerated Perception of Influence]].
-The difficulty of [[Enemies]] can be modulated by giving them [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[Privileged Abilities]] compared to other [[Enemies]], and this is one way to create [[Boss Monsters]] - the other being to create powerful [[Non-Player Characters]] as [[Enemies]]. Specific ways of improving [[Enemies]] includes changing their [[Stats]] and [[Skills]], equipping them with [[Tools]] (that can become [[Rewards]] if they are [[Transferable Items]]), giving them [[Privileged Movement]] compared to the players, penalizing players with [[No-Ops]], or simply changing how many [[Enemies]] are met. All these can be used to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], and this be further increase (and adding [[Complex Gameplay]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]) by using [[Orthogonal Differentiation]] to give different [[Enemies]] different abilities. One example of this is the inclusion of the Arch-vile in [[Doom 2]] and [[Doom 3]] which can revive other dead [[Enemies]] or summon more respectively, and the priest of [[Age of Empires]] and monks of [[Age of Empires 2]] that can convert enemy [[Units]]. [[Invulnerabilities]] can easily make [[Enemies]] hard - or too hard - to [[Overcome]] but can be used to force non-violent solutions; For [[Boss Monsters]] the pattern can also be used to force players to first complete a sub goal which makes them vulnerable. [[Vulnerabilities]]  and [[Achilles' Heels]] can instead make the [[Enemies]] easier to [[Overcome]] as can [[No-Ops]] applied on them, but these may require players to complete [[Gain Information]] goals first. [[Clues]] in the form of their appearances, behavior and the [[Traces]] they have left in the game environment can help support this search for information. [[Randomness]] can of course also be applied on the factors which determines the [[Enemies]] difficulty. When this is done, it introduces [[Uncertainty of Information]] and a certain level of [[Varied Gameplay]], and can motivate [[Gain Information]] goals.
+The difficulty of [[Enemies]] can be modulated by giving them [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[Privileged Abilities]] compared to other [[Enemies]], and this is one way to create [[Boss Monsters]] - the other being to create powerful [[Non-Player Characters]] as [[Enemies]]. Specific ways of improving [[Enemies]] includes changing their [[Stats]] and [[Skills]], equipping them with [[Tools]] (that can become [[Rewards]] if they are [[Transferable Items]]), giving them [[Privileged Movement]] compared to the players, penalizing players with [[No-Ops]], or simply changing how many [[Enemies]] are met. All these can be used to provide [[Challenging Gameplay]], and this be further increase (and adding [[Complex Gameplay]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]) by using [[Orthogonal Differentiation]] to give different [[Enemies]] different abilities. One example of this is the inclusion of the Arch-vile in [[Doom 2]] and [[Doom 3]] which can revive other dead [[Enemies]] or summon more respectively, and the priest of [[Age of Empires]] and monks of [[Age of Empires 2]] that can convert enemy [[Units]]. [[Invulnerabilities]] can easily make [[Enemies]] hard - or too hard - to [[Overcome]] but can be used to force non-violent solutions; For [[Boss Monsters]] the pattern can also be used to force players to first complete a sub goal which makes them vulnerable. [[Vulnerabilities]] and [[Achilles' Heels]] can instead make the [[Enemies]] easier to [[Overcome]] as can [[No-Ops]] applied on them, but these may require players to complete [[Gain Information]] goals first. [[Achilles' Heels]] can also required players' to engage in [[Varied Gameplay]] to take advantage of the enemy weaknesses. [[Clues]] in the form of their appearances, behavior and the [[Traces]] they have left in the game environment can help support this search for information. [[Randomness]] can of course also be applied on the factors which determines the [[Enemies]] difficulty. When this is done, it introduces [[Uncertainty of Information]] and a certain level of [[Varied Gameplay]], and can motivate [[Gain Information]] goals.
 Since setting the right difficulty of enemies can be hard to in advanced, especially with games which supports [[Gameplay Mastery]], it may be desired to be able to adjust the difficulty in direct conjunction to the gameplay. [[Difficulty Levels]] put this in the hands of the players and can let them choose between [[Casual Gameplay|Casual]] and [[Challenging Gameplay]] if the range of difficulties is large enough. [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]] makes use of algorithms to modify the difficulty of the game during gameplay depending on player performance or number of players. [[Game Masters]] can modulate players' [[Determinable Chance to Succeed]] not only on their actual chance to succeed but also what the players believe, but may also do so after the players have performed actions through [[Fudged Results]].

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 [[Enemies]] may be added to [[Multiplayer Games]] to provide [[Conflicts]] in otherwise [[Cooperation]]-based games or to create [[Complex Gameplay]], but is a necessity in [[Single-Player Games]] that wish to have [[Conflicts]] or [[Combat]]. [[Agents]] in the form of [[Avatars]] or [[Generic Adversaries]] or [[Units]] that have [[Eliminate]] or [[Capture]] goals aimed at the player is a typically way of creating [[Enemies]] with diegetic presence in a [[Game Worlds|Game World]] but [[Game System Player]] provides another option. By this they are natural ways of providing players with ways of interacting with them and understanding how the [[Enemies]] can effect the environment and the players. [[Enemies]] can however be indirectly present through how they create challenges to players, e.g. through [[Cards]] or by activating [[Traps]], which in these cases are also typically accompanied by narrative explanations, e.g. through [[Cutscenes]]. This indirect approach is especially common when the final [[Enemies]] are [[Boss Monsters]] which the players only get to directly struggle again at the end of the game, [[Game Boards]], or [[Levels|Level]]. [[Enemies]] may also only be [[Enemies]] because they are [[Agents]] trying to hinder players' goals toward them, e.g. trying to avoid being the objective in [[Capture]], [[Eliminate]], or [[Herd]] goals.
-If [[Enemies]] are permanent or temporary is a basic design choice regarding their use. Permanent [[Enemies]] can be used as the main driving force for [[Narration Structures]] and make the gameplay clearer as their role does not change, and making these [[Enemies]] into [[Predetermined Story Structures]] puts the designers in control of their impact on gameplay. The [[Enemies]] do not have to be present at the start of the game though, they can either be the result of [[Spawning]] or be friendly or neutral entities that at some point change (this being an example of a [[Irreversible Events|Irreversible Event]]),  e.g. related to a [[Gain Ownership]] or [[Eliminate]] goal. The same options regarding when the entities become hostile apply to temporary [[Enemies]]. In addition, these need either a fixed limitation on how long the hostile stance is maintained (which gives rise to an [[Ultra-Powerful Events|Ultra-Powerful Event]] and provides a basis for a [[Time Limits|time-limited]] [[Survive]] goal) or have rules for determining when the change occur. Thus, player may have the options of choosing if they want to try to make [[NPCs]] into [[Helpers]] or [[Companions]], or turning them into [[Enemies]]. This is typically a [[Trade-Offs|Trade-Off]].
+If [[Enemies]] are permanent or temporary is a basic design choice regarding their use. Permanent [[Enemies]] can be used as the main driving force for [[Narration Structures]] and make the gameplay clearer as their role does not change, and making these [[Enemies]] into [[Predetermined Story Structures]] puts the designers in control of their impact on gameplay. The [[Enemies]] do not have to be present at the start of the game though, they can either be the result of [[Spawning]] or be friendly or neutral entities that at some point change (this being an example of a [[Irreversible Events|Irreversible Event]]),  e.g. related to a [[Gain Ownership]] or [[Eliminate]] goal. [[Ever Increasing Difficulty]] can through this be added to a game by guaranteeing that more and more [[Enemies]] or more and more powerful [[Enemies]] oppose players as gameplay progresses.
 The cause for enmity between the player and the [[Enemies]] can usually be described through a Goal/[[Preventing Goals|Preventing Goal]] pair. Such an overarching goal can then be used to create numerous subgoals within [[Goal Hierarchies]]: a [[Collection]] of goals that consist of several duels, [[Gain Information]] goals to gain the identity of the [[Enemies]] or their [[Vulnerabilities]] (or [[Achilles' Heels]]), [[Overcome]] to defeat the henchmen of the [[Enemies|Enemy]], [[Supporting Goals]] to find the [[Tools]], or learn the [[Skills]] for defeating the [[Enemies|Enemy]], and so on. However, causes compatible with the diegesis need to be found to explain why these [[Enemies]] cannot be encountered early in the game if [[Diegetic Consistency]] is to be maintained. For [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Mutual Enemies]] can be created by making them hostile towards sets of players (and thereby suggesting [[Alliances]] if [[Teams]] are not already present). Sometimes [[Enemies]] can be simply created through providing [[Inhabitants]] with [[Loot]].
@@ Line 37: / Line 39: @@
 Another aspect of [[Enemies]] is if they always behave in the same way or if they have different set of behaviors. Having [[Enemies]] in passive states, as for example some of the infected in the [[Left 4 Dead series]], can provide players the opportunity to have a [[Freedom of Choice]] between [[Combat]] and [[Conceal]] (and thereby [[Stealth]]) goals. The same goes for [[Enemies]] that patrol areas with [[Guard]] goals, except that this create more [[Complex Gameplay]]. Players may not need to choose any of these, but if the [[Enemies]] populate the environment needed to cross to complete [[Traverse]] goals, a choice can be forced from them. Games providing these different states have the possibility of using [[Alarms]], either as [[Traps]] which players can set off or to give players the [[Preventing Goals]] of hindering the [[Enemies]] to activate the [[Alarms]] when they have detected something. [[Enemies]] that flee when hurt or outnumbered may provide [[Diegetic Consistency]] while at the same time also making it possible to have [[Capture]] or [[Eliminate]] goals before they heal, regroup, or get reinforcements. Passive [[Enemies]] also allow players to try and engage in [[Stealing]] [[Transferable Items]] from them.
-Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawning Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]] while [[Laning]] can make their appearance predictable but still allow for different choices of tactics and strategies.
+Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawning Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]] while [[Laning]] can make their appearance predictable but still allow for different choices of tactics and strategies. They can also be used to ensure [[Ever Increasing Difficulty]] due to steadily increasing numbers and difficulties of [[Enemies]].
 They may block paths to [[Traverse]] goal (especially easy at [[Choke Points]]), may make areas into [[Inaccessible Areas]], may be the objectives of [[Reconnaissance]] goals as long as there is [[Uncertainty of Information]] regarding their location, or may be [[Surprises]] in [[Game World Exploration]] goals. In games requiring [[Maneuvering]] they can provide additional hazards that have to be actively avoided. Used together with [[Galleries]] or other types of areas that have [[Choke Points]] they can effectively create [[Conditional Passageways]]. These in turn can create (temporary) [[Inaccessible Areas]] until the [[Enemies]] have been dealt with. [[Sniper Locations]] and [[Strongholds]] can also create [[Inaccessible Areas]] but in these cases this is not so much an effect of [[Movement]] being denied as easily being eliminated while moving.
@@ Line 67: / Line 69: @@
 [[Conceal]],
 [[Conflicts]],
-[[Consumers]], [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]], [[Disruption of Focused Attention]],
+[[Consumers]], [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]],
 [[Eliminate]],
-[[Gain Information]], [[Gain Ownership]],
+[[Ever Increasing Difficulty]],
 [[Guard]],
 [[Identification]], [[Interferable Goals]],

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 Another aspect of [[Enemies]] is if they always behave in the same way or if they have different set of behaviors. Having [[Enemies]] in passive states, as for example some of the infected in the [[Left 4 Dead series]], can provide players the opportunity to have a [[Freedom of Choice]] between [[Combat]] and [[Conceal]] (and thereby [[Stealth]]) goals. The same goes for [[Enemies]] that patrol areas with [[Guard]] goals, except that this create more [[Complex Gameplay]]. Players may not need to choose any of these, but if the [[Enemies]] populate the environment needed to cross to complete [[Traverse]] goals, a choice can be forced from them. Games providing these different states have the possibility of using [[Alarms]], either as [[Traps]] which players can set off or to give players the [[Preventing Goals]] of hindering the [[Enemies]] to activate the [[Alarms]] when they have detected something. [[Enemies]] that flee when hurt or outnumbered may provide [[Diegetic Consistency]] while at the same time also making it possible to have [[Capture]] or [[Eliminate]] goals before they heal, regroup, or get reinforcements. Passive [[Enemies]] also allow players to try and engage in [[Stealing]] [[Transferable Items]] from them.
-Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawning Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]].
+Where [[Enemies]] are met in [[Game Boards|Game Board]], [[Game Worlds|Game World]], or [[Levels|Level]] also need to be considered since placing them in features such as [[Galleries]], [[Sniper Locations]], and [[Strongholds]] can make them much more difficult to [[Overcome]]. Their location may be fixed or based upon [[Randomness]], and can be done either so that the [[Enemies]] are placed before gameplay begin or as [[Game Element Insertion]] during gameplay through [[Spawning]] at [[Spawning Points]]. Their appearance to players may be explain through [[Diegetic Consistency]] or through [[Alien Space Bats]]. [[Waves]] can also be used to introduce many [[Enemies]] are specific points or at specific intervals at [[Levels]] while [[Laning]] can make their appearance predictable but still allow for different choices of tactics and strategies.
 They may block paths to [[Traverse]] goal (especially easy at [[Choke Points]]), may make areas into [[Inaccessible Areas]], may be the objectives of [[Reconnaissance]] goals as long as there is [[Uncertainty of Information]] regarding their location, or may be [[Surprises]] in [[Game World Exploration]] goals. In games requiring [[Maneuvering]] they can provide additional hazards that have to be actively avoided. Used together with [[Galleries]] or other types of areas that have [[Choke Points]] they can effectively create [[Conditional Passageways]]. These in turn can create (temporary) [[Inaccessible Areas]] until the [[Enemies]] have been dealt with. [[Sniper Locations]] and [[Strongholds]] can also create [[Inaccessible Areas]] but in these cases this is not so much an effect of [[Movement]] being denied as easily being eliminated while moving.
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 [[Improved Abilities]],
 [[Invulnerabilities]],
 [[Loot]],
 [[Movement]],