Freedom of Choice - Revision history

Staffan Björk: /* Consequences */

2021-08-27T08:28:08Z

‎Consequences

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2021-08-27T08:27:20Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk at 11:14, 21 March 2018

2018-03-21T11:14:45Z

Staffan Björk at 21:45, 19 March 2018

2018-03-19T21:45:54Z

Staffan Björk at 11:05, 9 March 2018

2018-03-09T11:05:56Z

Staffan Björk at 16:34, 19 January 2018

2018-01-19T16:34:46Z

Staffan Björk at 16:34, 19 January 2018

2018-01-19T16:34:29Z

Staffan Björk at 16:04, 3 October 2016

2016-10-03T16:04:02Z

Staffan Björk at 15:38, 15 August 2016

2016-08-15T15:38:18Z

Staffan Björk at 14:29, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T14:29:52Z

@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 == Consequences ==
-[[Freedom of Choice]] lets players plan their actions and thereby often gives them [[Player Agency]]. It often promotes [[Stimulated Planning]], either [[Tactical Planning]] during gameplay or [[Strategic Planning]] before and after.  As one example, [[Freedom of Choice]] in conjunction with [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] or [[Character Development]] leads to additional freedom regarding [[Player-Planned Development]]. The planning typically requires that the players imagines themselves as playing which provides [[Engrossment]], especially [[Cognitive Engrossment]] but also [[Emotional Engrossment]] since [[Freedom of Choice]] gives players [[Empowerment]]. [[Freedom of Choice]] is a requirement for [[Framed Freedom]] but can fail to deliver this is players feel a pressure to choose between the possible options. Being able to choose between different actions or goals can support [[Varied Gameplay]] if the actions require different skill sets or make it possible to create different strategies. When the [[Freedom of Choice]] causes players to have [[Asymmetric Abilities]], it can promote [[Replayability]] of the game.
+[[Freedom of Choice]] lets players plan their actions and thereby often gives them [[Player Agency]]. It often promotes [[Stimulated Planning]], either [[Tactical Planning]] during gameplay or [[Strategic Planning]] before and after.  As one example, [[Freedom of Choice]] in conjunction with [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] or [[Character Development]] leads to additional freedom regarding [[Player-Planned Development]]; something which is a form of [[Investments]]. The planning typically requires that the players imagines themselves as playing which provides [[Engrossment]], especially [[Cognitive Engrossment]] but also [[Emotional Engrossment]] since [[Freedom of Choice]] gives players [[Empowerment]]. [[Freedom of Choice]] is a requirement for [[Framed Freedom]] but can fail to deliver this is players feel a pressure to choose between the possible options. Being able to choose between different actions or goals can support [[Varied Gameplay]] if the actions require different skill sets or make it possible to create different strategies. When the [[Freedom of Choice]] causes players to have [[Asymmetric Abilities]], it can promote [[Replayability]] of the game.
 The presence of [[Freedom of Choice]] can also have negative connotations for players, in the form of [[Social Dilemmas]] and forcing them to make [[Trade-Offs]] and [[Risk/Reward]] choices. This occurs when all choices have some negative effects associated with them, regardless of their positive effects. Regardless of any negative effect on the game state of a player, [[Freedom of Choice]] in [[Multiplayer Games]] can cause [[Analysis Paralysis]] if they are also [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]], and thereby still have effects which are experienced as negative by others players.

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 ==== with [[Abstract Player Constructs]] and [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] ====
-[[Player-Planned Development]]
+[[Investments]], [[Player-Planned Development]]
 ==== with [[Characters]] ====

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally. [[Explicit Random Seeds]] gives players a [[Freedom of Choice]] to use [[Randomness]] or not to create the starting positions of a game. While [[Extra Chances]] in this case also supports [[Misfortune Mitigation]], [[Freedom of Choice]] case in itself provide this when it allows players to choose in which order to make actions that depend on [[Randomness]] ([[Bloodbowl]] is an example of this).
-Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player-Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
+Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player-Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]], [[Card Building]], and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
 [[Freedom of Choice]] is not only an effect of how many choices are available at any given moment, but also on how important the decision between those choices is for the future gameplay. If a choice is to make an action which can easily be undone immediately by the player or negated by another player, that choice is likely to not affect the gameplay significantly in the long term and is therefore not really a choice. Making actions cause [[Irreversible Events]] is one way to do this, and one example of how this can done is through the ''ko'' and ''superko'' rule of [[Go]], which make immediate or any repetition of past game state impossible, and thereby guarantee that each action has meaning. [[Hands]] that contain game elements that enable or embody actions give players a [[Freedom of Choice]] since they have several different actions to choose from and may also be able to save actions for later; [[Drafting]], and especially when done through [[Drafting Spreads]], offers players a choice between several different actions, roles, or game elements but those not chosen are then made available to other players. How actions affect future gameplay of course dependent on context, for example in games with [[Emergent Gameplay]] an action that is typically not significant can become very much so in special conditions. Similarly, games where players have explicit choices of how to explore [[Predetermined Story Structures]] can be very important since they do not know how the story will unfold but have desires how it should unfold and have assumptions on what effects the choices will have. However, unless there is [[Randomness]] involved in the process, after a certain branch in the story has been explored players know exactly what will happen and the series of choices building that branch becomes meaningless except for wanting to re-experience the narration. The same problem occurs with games which allow [[Gameplay Mastery]] since only some actions may be interesting for skilled players, so to maintaining [[Freedom of Choice]] in these games may require other types of freedoms, e.g. [[Achievements]] or [[Roleplaying]].
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 [[Budgeted Action Points]],
 [[Cameras]],
 [[Casual Gameplay]],
 [[Character Creation]], [[Collecting]], [[Combat]],

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 [[Freedom of Choice]] can also be expanded by offering several variations of the same action to players. One generic way of doing this is through [[Extended Actions]], giving players control over how long time they wish to continue doing the action, while another is providing [[Location-Fixed Abilities]] when players have control over their [[Movement]] ([[Location-Fixed Abilities]] can also provide new actions which also increases the [[Freedom of Choice]]. More specific examples include having a variety of [[Equipment]], (e.g. [[Weapons]] or [[Tools]]) or spells to use when performing [[Aim & Shoot]], being able to do [[Maneuvering]] at different speeds, performing [[Movement]] normally or through [[Quick Travel]], having access to [[Warp Zones]], and choosing where [[Spawning]] occurs. [[Sidegrades]] are specific new options introduce in games that not explicitly provide clear advantages but give players a greater [[Freedom of Choice]] which can in turn lead to gameplay advantages. Related to the issue of providing new actions is the possibility of providing elements in [[Game Worlds]] to increase tactical options. If players are able to detect [[Enemies]] first, they have the choice of avoiding them (which can also be seen as providing the [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] of [[Stealth]]) or whom to attack first. Likewise, [[Alarms]] and [[Traps]] may not only be hazards to the players' [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] but may also be used again [[Enemies]] directly or as distractions. One aspect of offering variations to the same action concerns [[Movement]] and the size of [[Game Worlds]]. Large [[Game Worlds]] that can be freely explored, either by being [[Procedurally Generated Game Worlds]] (such as [[Minecraft]]) or the ongoing creations of [[Game Masters]], can provide players significant [[Freedom of Choice]] and set of [[Game World Exploration]] goals simply because the possibility to explore exists. Providing an [[Illusion of Open Space]], e.g. through [[Invisible Walls]], can works as a substitute but risks backfiring to reveal to players that they do not have the [[Freedom of Choice]] they first thought they had. Related to this is the option of providing players with several different [[Levels]], and let them choose which to enter.
-Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally. While [[Extra Chances]] in this case also supports [[Misfortune Mitigation]], [[Freedom of Choice]] case in itself provide this when it allows players to choose in which order to make actions that depend on [[Randomness]] ([[Bloodbowl]] is an example of this).
+Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally. [[Explicit Random Seeds]] gives players a [[Freedom of Choice]] to use [[Randomness]] or not to create the starting positions of a game. While [[Extra Chances]] in this case also supports [[Misfortune Mitigation]], [[Freedom of Choice]] case in itself provide this when it allows players to choose in which order to make actions that depend on [[Randomness]] ([[Bloodbowl]] is an example of this).
 Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player-Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 [[Enemies]],
 [[Equipment]],
 [[Extra-Game Actions]],
 [[Extra Chances]],

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 [[Freedom of Choice]] can also be expanded by offering several variations of the same action to players. One generic way of doing this is through [[Extended Actions]], giving players control over how long time they wish to continue doing the action, while another is providing [[Location-Fixed Abilities]] when players have control over their [[Movement]] ([[Location-Fixed Abilities]] can also provide new actions which also increases the [[Freedom of Choice]]. More specific examples include having a variety of [[Equipment]], (e.g. [[Weapons]] or [[Tools]]) or spells to use when performing [[Aim & Shoot]], being able to do [[Maneuvering]] at different speeds, performing [[Movement]] normally or through [[Quick Travel]], having access to [[Warp Zones]], and choosing where [[Spawning]] occurs. [[Sidegrades]] are specific new options introduce in games that not explicitly provide clear advantages but give players a greater [[Freedom of Choice]] which can in turn lead to gameplay advantages. Related to the issue of providing new actions is the possibility of providing elements in [[Game Worlds]] to increase tactical options. If players are able to detect [[Enemies]] first, they have the choice of avoiding them (which can also be seen as providing the [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] of [[Stealth]]) or whom to attack first. Likewise, [[Alarms]] and [[Traps]] may not only be hazards to the players' [[Avatars]] or [[Units]] but may also be used again [[Enemies]] directly or as distractions. One aspect of offering variations to the same action concerns [[Movement]] and the size of [[Game Worlds]]. Large [[Game Worlds]] that can be freely explored, either by being [[Procedurally Generated Game Worlds]] (such as [[Minecraft]]) or the ongoing creations of [[Game Masters]], can provide players significant [[Freedom of Choice]] and set of [[Game World Exploration]] goals simply because the possibility to explore exists. Providing an [[Illusion of Open Space]], e.g. through [[Invisible Walls]], can works as a substitute but risks backfiring to reveal to players that they do not have the [[Freedom of Choice]] they first thought they had. Related to this is the option of providing players with several different [[Levels]], and let them choose which to enter.
-Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally.
+Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally. While [[Extra Chances]] in this case also supports [[Misfortune Mitigation]], [[Freedom of Choice]] case in itself provide this when it allows players to choose in which order to make actions that depend on [[Randomness]] ([[Bloodbowl]] is an example of this).
 Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player-Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 == Relations ==
 === Can Instantiate ===
-[[Asymmetric Goals]], [[Cognitive Engrossment]], [[Determinable Chance to Succeed]], [[Emotional Engrossment]], [[Empowerment]], [[Exaggerated Perception of Influence]], [[Engrossment]],
+[[Asymmetric Goals]], [[Cognitive Engrossment]],
 [[Framed Freedom]],
 [[Player Agency]],
 [[Producers]], [[Replayability]], [[Risk/Reward]],

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally.
-Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
+Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player-Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
 [[Freedom of Choice]] is not only an effect of how many choices are available at any given moment, but also on how important the decision between those choices is for the future gameplay. If a choice is to make an action which can easily be undone immediately by the player or negated by another player, that choice is likely to not affect the gameplay significantly in the long term and is therefore not really a choice. Making actions cause [[Irreversible Events]] is one way to do this, and one example of how this can done is through the ''ko'' and ''superko'' rule of [[Go]], which make immediate or any repetition of past game state impossible, and thereby guarantee that each action has meaning. [[Hands]] that contain game elements that enable or embody actions give players a [[Freedom of Choice]] since they have several different actions to choose from and may also be able to save actions for later; [[Drafting]], and especially when done through [[Drafting Spreads]], offers players a choice between several different actions, roles, or game elements but those not chosen are then made available to other players. How actions affect future gameplay of course dependent on context, for example in games with [[Emergent Gameplay]] an action that is typically not significant can become very much so in special conditions. Similarly, games where players have explicit choices of how to explore [[Predetermined Story Structures]] can be very important since they do not know how the story will unfold but have desires how it should unfold and have assumptions on what effects the choices will have. However, unless there is [[Randomness]] involved in the process, after a certain branch in the story has been explored players know exactly what will happen and the series of choices building that branch becomes meaningless except for wanting to re-experience the narration. The same problem occurs with games which allow [[Gameplay Mastery]] since only some actions may be interesting for skilled players, so to maintaining [[Freedom of Choice]] in these games may require other types of freedoms, e.g. [[Achievements]] or [[Roleplaying]].
@@ Line 172: / Line 172: @@
 [[Player Created Game Elements]],
 [[Player Decided Results]], [[Player Decided Rule Setup]], [[Player-Decided Distributions]],
-[[Player Defined Goals]],
+[[Player-Defined Goals]],
 [[Pre-Customized Decks]],
 [[Purchasable Game Advantages]], [[Quick Travel]],

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Actions in games lead to different types of events, and letting players choose what events these are is another form of [[Freedom of Choice]]. [[Player Decided Results]] and [[Player-Decided Distributions]] are generic ways of doing this while choosing between several different results of [[Randomness]] can be used in some situations. [[Extra Chances]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]] are specific game mechanic ways of providing options of [[Reversibility]] to avoid a unwanted result, found for example in [[Bloodbowl]] and [[Braid]] respectively, while [[Save-Load Cycles]] do this generally.
-Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through [[Selectable Sets of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
+Ways of letting players have increased [[Freedom of Choice]] of what to do is to let them choose goals. Games can force players to make choices regarding how to try achieving some types of goals while others can be voluntary to strive towards. Games requiring [[Tactical Planning]] makes it necessary for players to consider the different actions available and this is also present is games which require [[Game World Navigation]] or have several different possible routes (i.e. a [[Selectable Set of Goals]]) for [[Traverse]] goals, all which are benefited from [[Perfect Information]]. Allowing some more [[Freedom of Choice]], game designers can control the goals available in the game through a [[Selectable Set of Goals]] which allows players to choose goals but only from a pre-determined collection; this allows for a form of [[Player Defined Goals]] but more open versions of this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]]. [[Optional Goals]] such as [[Sidequests]] in contrast give players' the [[Freedom of Choice]] to pursue them or not. Specific examples of this include trying to gain [[Alliances]] in [[Multiplayer Games]], providing [[Achievements]] that can be collected, providing [[Ephemeral Goals]] through out game sessions, and allowing [[Player-Planned Development]]. The last pattern of these is a natural consequence of allowing [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding [[Gain Competence]] goals or specifics related to receiving [[Improved Abilities|Improved]] or [[New Abilities]]. Further, it follows naturally when players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding how  [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] and [[Character Development]] should occur (for [[Abstract Player Constructs]] or [[Characters]] respectively). [[Bag Management]] and [[Deck Building]] are examples of such development. [[Pre-Customized Decks]] is similar but lets this take place before gameplay. Any game which gives [[Creative Control]] to players, e.g. through [[Player Created Game Elements]], can likewise be seen as giving them [[Freedom of Choice]] in choosing [[Optional Goals]]. [[Purchasable Game Advantages]] provides another avenue for [[Freedom of Choice]] related to goals - players can immediately fulfill them by paying for it with real world money.
 [[Freedom of Choice]] is not only an effect of how many choices are available at any given moment, but also on how important the decision between those choices is for the future gameplay. If a choice is to make an action which can easily be undone immediately by the player or negated by another player, that choice is likely to not affect the gameplay significantly in the long term and is therefore not really a choice. Making actions cause [[Irreversible Events]] is one way to do this, and one example of how this can done is through the ''ko'' and ''superko'' rule of [[Go]], which make immediate or any repetition of past game state impossible, and thereby guarantee that each action has meaning. [[Hands]] that contain game elements that enable or embody actions give players a [[Freedom of Choice]] since they have several different actions to choose from and may also be able to save actions for later; [[Drafting]], and especially when done through [[Drafting Spreads]], offers players a choice between several different actions, roles, or game elements but those not chosen are then made available to other players. How actions affect future gameplay of course dependent on context, for example in games with [[Emergent Gameplay]] an action that is typically not significant can become very much so in special conditions. Similarly, games where players have explicit choices of how to explore [[Predetermined Story Structures]] can be very important since they do not know how the story will unfold but have desires how it should unfold and have assumptions on what effects the choices will have. However, unless there is [[Randomness]] involved in the process, after a certain branch in the story has been explored players know exactly what will happen and the series of choices building that branch becomes meaningless except for wanting to re-experience the narration. The same problem occurs with games which allow [[Gameplay Mastery]] since only some actions may be interesting for skilled players, so to maintaining [[Freedom of Choice]] in these games may require other types of freedoms, e.g. [[Achievements]] or [[Roleplaying]].
@@ Line 179: / Line 179: @@
 [[Roleplaying]], [[Save-Load Cycles]],
 [[Scripted Information Sequences]],
-[[Selectable Sets of Goals]], [[Self-Facilitated Games]],
+[[Selectable Set of Goals]],
 [[Sidegrades]],
 [[Sidequests]],

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 In [[Single-Player Games]], [[Sanctioned Cheating]] can increase [[Freedom of Choice]] since players can be given access to new actions as well as not being limited to [[Resources]] or activities based on lack of resources.
-The removal of [[Freedom of Choice]] can occur for several different reasons. In [[Multiplayer Games]] that are also [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] it is a necessity due to the existence of [[Downtime]] and this is typically accepted on fairness grounds (as long as [[Analysis Paralysis]] doesn't occur). Other typical reasons include the need for [[Excise]] to update the game state or [[Cutscenes]] to advance in [[Predetermined Story Structures]] - [[Scripted Information Sequences]] provides an alternative to the latter and can barely support a [[Freedom of Choice]] through the possibility took look at other parts of a[[Game Worlds|Game World]] instead of an animation. [[Action Caps]] provide controlled forms of letting players choose to do several actions but not unrestrictedly so - but can also be used to add [[Freedom of Choice]] through the possibility of additional limited sets of actions (e.g. the 'command points' used in [[Space Hulk]]). [[Shrinking Game Worlds]] can limit players' [[Freedom of Choice]] more and more as gameplay progresses but may do so to guarantee [[Time Limited Game Instances]]. [[Handicap Systems]] may remove [[Freedom of Choice]] but may just as well add it.
+The removal of [[Freedom of Choice]] can occur for several different reasons. [[Repetitive Gameplay]] is a general reason for it since even if one might have freedom to choice actions these choices will be repeated so there isn't a [[Freedom of Choice]] on the larger scale. In [[Multiplayer Games]] that are also [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] it is a necessity due to the existence of [[Downtime]] and this is typically accepted on fairness grounds (as long as [[Analysis Paralysis]] doesn't occur). Other typical reasons include the need for [[Excise]] to update the game state or [[Cutscenes]] to advance in [[Predetermined Story Structures]] - [[Scripted Information Sequences]] provides an alternative to the latter and can barely support a [[Freedom of Choice]] through the possibility took look at other parts of a[[Game Worlds|Game World]] instead of an animation. [[Action Caps]] provide controlled forms of letting players choose to do several actions but not unrestrictedly so - but can also be used to add [[Freedom of Choice]] through the possibility of additional limited sets of actions (e.g. the 'command points' used in [[Space Hulk]]). [[Shrinking Game Worlds]] can limit players' [[Freedom of Choice]] more and more as gameplay progresses but may do so to guarantee [[Time Limited Game Instances]]. [[Handicap Systems]] may remove [[Freedom of Choice]] but may just as well add it.
 === Diegetic Aspects ===
@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 [[Illusion of Open Space]],
 [[Invisible Walls]],
-[[No-Ops]], [[No Direct Player Influence]], [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
+[[No-Ops]], [[No Direct Player Influence]],
 [[Shrinking Game Worlds]],
 [[Zero-Player Games]]

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 Looking only at how players can have [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding gameplay with fixed rules, this can be achieved in several ways: affecting the actions possible for the players through giving them [[Abilities]], letting players affect the results in the game, and letting players choose goals. For games with [[Turn Taking]], the additional option is added of letting players affect the turns to create [[Varying Turn Orders]]. An obvious way to increase the [[Freedom of Choice]] in a game is to expand the range of possible actions players' can perform. This can be done from the beginning of the game by choosing from the wide range of possible actions in a game (e.g. [[Aim & Shoot]], [[Betting]], [[Bidding]], [[Collecting]], [[Combat]], [[Construction]], [[Maneuvering]], [[Movement]], [[Negotiation]], and [[Trading]]) but having the possibility to not doing anything, doing [[No-Ops]], is also a choice. Although motivated by [[Limited Resources]], [[Resource Management]] gives players opportunities of how to use [[Resources]], including [[No-Ops]], by saving them in [[Containers]] and creating other types of [[Resources]] through [[Converters]]. When players have several different game elements to chosen from, [[Game Element Insertion]] can be a source of [[Freedom of Choice]] related to [[Resource Management]] and similar issues can exist in choosing between different types of [[Ammunition]] or redistributing [[Transferable Items]] between [[Player Characters]] and [[Companions]]. [[Producers]] can also be a source of [[Freedom of Choice]] - what [[Units]], [[Tools]], or [[Resources]] to produce, and when to do so. The type of [[Investments]] that give players the greatest [[Freedom of Choice]] are following [[Arithmetic Progression]], since they does not give any [[Penalties]] or disadvantages between making one large [[Investment]] or several smaller ones.  Having [[Units]] is in one sense a trivial way to provide more [[Freedom of Choice]], this since a player can make more choices than if he or she only controls one unit, i.e. an [[Avatars|Avatar]]. Having different [[Competence Areas]] for different types of [[Units]] - or [[Characters]] - further provides a larger set of actions possible.
-For the reason of wishing to have [[Smooth Learning Curves]], the number of options is often increased gradually in [[Single-Player Games]] through [[Access Rewards]]. This can be done implicitly through [[Improved Abilities]] and explicitly through [[New Abilities]] and is often represented as [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] or [[Character Development]]. In contrast, [[Multiplayer Games]], including multiplayer versions of [[Single-Player Games]] but not [[Massively Multiplayer Online Games]], typically provide all actions available at once to maintain [[Player Balance]]. [[Controllers]] and [[Tools]] can however be used in both cases since the [[New Abilities]] are then provided through gaining ownership of [[Game Items]] or acquiring [[Area Control]]. That being said, [[Character Development]] can provide [[Freedom of Choice]] in which [[Skills]] or [[Powers]] to develop as can the possibilities of applying [[Upgrades]] (perhaps into [[Sockets]]). While [[Freedom of Choice]] together with [[Character Development]] can make [[Characters]] become [[Player-Created Characters]] as gameplay progresses, [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding the creation of [[Characters]] let players have greater agency through having [[Initial Personalization]] of the [[Characters]] before gameplay begins (this may work against [[Smooth Learning Curves]] though).
+For the reason of wishing to have [[Smooth Learning Curves]], the number of options is often increased gradually in [[Single-Player Games]] through [[Facilitating Rewards]] or [[Access Rewards]] (it should be noted that [[Facilitating Rewards]] also can work against [[Freedom of Choice]] is players have no choice in what is facilitated). This can be done implicitly through [[Improved Abilities]] and explicitly through [[New Abilities]] and is often represented as [[Abstract Player Construct Development]] or [[Character Development]]. In contrast, [[Multiplayer Games]], including multiplayer versions of [[Single-Player Games]] but not [[Massively Multiplayer Online Games]], typically provide all actions available at once to maintain [[Player Balance]]. [[Controllers]] and [[Tools]] can however be used in both cases since the [[New Abilities]] are then provided through gaining ownership of [[Game Items]] or acquiring [[Area Control]]. That being said, [[Character Development]] can provide [[Freedom of Choice]] in which [[Skills]] or [[Powers]] to develop as can the possibilities of applying [[Upgrades]] (perhaps into [[Sockets]]). While [[Freedom of Choice]] together with [[Character Development]] can make [[Characters]] become [[Player-Created Characters]] as gameplay progresses, [[Freedom of Choice]] regarding the creation of [[Characters]] let players have greater agency through having [[Initial Personalization]] of the [[Characters]] before gameplay begins (this may work against [[Smooth Learning Curves]] though).
 The number of actions available may however not be meaningful, and therefore not provide a interesting [[Freedom of Choice]] if there are not different [[Risk/Reward|Risk/Rewards]] associated to them. The game [[No Thanks!]] shows this in having important [[Freedom of Choice]] situations where the only options consists of performing one action or taking a [[No-Ops]]. The use of [[Actions Have Diegetically Social Consequences]] can be used to add a social dimension to actions and thereby let players have a [[Freedom of Choice]] of how they should be perceived based upon which actions there are willing to perform. Simply being able to drop [[Game Items]] can provide a [[Freedom of Choice]] since this can let players create [[Traces]]. [[Budgeted Action Points]] are a way to increase the [[Freedom of Choice]] existing in possible actions not only by in most cases making players be able to do several actions in on turn but letting them choose in which order to do those actions as well; using [[Role Selection]] or [[Token Placement]] specifically for this often gives a bit more freedom since the actual execution of the chosen actions may be done in several different ways.
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 [[Enemies]],
 [[Equipment]],
-[[Extra-Game Actions]], [[Extra Chances]],
+[[Extra-Game Actions]],
 [[Free Game Element Manipulation]],
 [[Friend Lists]],
@@ Line 219: / Line 221: @@
 [[Enforced Agent Behavior]],
 [[Excise]],
 [[Gameplay Mastery]],
 [[Helplessness]],