Loyalty - Revision history

Staffan Björk at 12:04, 4 August 2015

2015-08-04T12:04:16Z

Staffan Björk at 10:42, 30 July 2014

2014-07-30T10:42:33Z

Staffan Björk at 10:28, 20 January 2012

2012-01-20T10:28:48Z

Staffan Björk: /* Using the pattern */

2011-10-13T09:43:27Z

‎Using the pattern

Staffan Björk at 22:33, 2 August 2011

2011-08-02T22:33:19Z

Staffan Björk at 22:29, 2 August 2011

2011-08-02T22:29:14Z

Staffan Björk at 23:54, 19 March 2011

2011-03-19T23:54:51Z

Staffan Björk: /* Can Instantiate */

2011-02-13T21:36:56Z

‎Can Instantiate

Staffan Björk: /* Can Be Instantiated By */

2011-02-13T21:36:02Z

‎Can Be Instantiated By

Staffan Björk: /* Consequences */

2011-02-13T21:35:23Z

‎Consequences

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]], or [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] that can be mapped to some diegetic representation.
-The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]]. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
+The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]] when it is [[Characters]] that have the [[Loyalty]] commitments. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
 The actual requirement of [[Loyalty]] is typically to accomplish a goal but this may also include [[Preventing Goals]] to those opposed whatever one is loyal to. For [[Loyalty]] towards [[Characters]] and [[Factions]], requirements related to [[Social Norms]] can easily be added to provide added complexity. There are several ways of introducing challenges to a [[Loyalty]]. [[Opposing Goals]] is probably the most obvious and comes in to forms. One is giving goals to other [[Agents]] in the game so that [[Conflicts]] occur and [[Overcome]] goals are introduced as a result. The other is giving these [[Opposing Goals]] to the player himself or herself. This either creates [[Risk/Reward]] situations in that the player need to choose between different actions that cause [[Irreversible Events]] in relation to maintaining the [[Loyalty]], or  require [[Stealth]] to appear to be maintaining [[Social Norms]]. When the [[Loyalty]] lies towards [[Characters]] or [[Factions]], this can be taken a step further through the use of [[Either You are with Me or against Me]]. If the [[Loyalty]] is directed towards a [[Factions|Faction]], [[Internal Rivalry]] can be used to create a form of [[Social Dilemma]] by the use of [[Requesting Support]].
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 == Relations ==
 === Can Instantiate ===
-[[Character Defining Actions]], [[Committed Goals]], [[Conflicts]], [[Continuous Goals]], [[Guilting]],
+[[Committed Goals]], [[Conflicts]], [[Continuous Goals]], [[Guilting]],
 [[Internal Conflicts]], [[Optional Goals]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Overcome]],
 [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
 [[Preventing Goals]],
 [[Risk/Reward]], [[Social Maintenance]], [[Social Norms]], [[Ultra-Powerful Events]]
 ==== with [[Opposing Goals]] or [[Internal Rivalry]] ====

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 == Using the pattern ==
-The presence of a [[Characters|Character]] or an [[Avatars|Avatar]] for the player is needed to use [[Loyalty]], since is based on being a diegetic commitment (although the [[Characters|Character]] might represent an abstract entity such as a civilization or country). Another requirement is to make a decision on whom or what to be faithful to, and here some more possibilities exist. Individual [[Characters]] or [[Avatars]] allow personal bonds and the use of [[Linked Destinies]] while [[Factions]] can provide more flexibility in [[Narration Structures]] and make the [[Loyalty]] come into play more naturally in many different places of a [[Game World]]. Both can be used to require [[Social Maintenance]]. The third option is a cause, which from a gameplay perspective can be seen as one way of diegetically presenting [[Quests]]. [[Quests]] can also be used to model temporary [[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]]. A forth option is to make players parts of [[Parties]], which have [[Loyalty]] as part of the [[Diegetic Social Norms]] of being members of them.
+The presence of a [[Characters|Character]] or an [[Avatars|Avatar]] for the player is needed to use [[Loyalty]], since is based on being a diegetic commitment (although the [[Characters|Character]] might represent an abstract entity such as a civilization or country). Another requirement is to make a decision on whom or what to be faithful to, and here some more possibilities exist. Individual [[Characters]] or [[Avatars]] allow personal bonds and the use of [[Linked Destinies]] while [[Factions]] can provide more flexibility in [[Predetermined Story Structures]] and make the [[Loyalty]] come into play more naturally in many different places of a [[Game World]]. Both can be used to require [[Social Maintenance]]. The third option is a cause, which from a gameplay perspective can be seen as one way of diegetically presenting [[Quests]]. [[Quests]] can also be used to model temporary [[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]]. A forth option is to make players parts of [[Parties]], which have [[Loyalty]] as part of the [[Diegetic Social Norms]] of being members of them.
 Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]], or [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] that can be mapped to some diegetic representation.
-The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Narration Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]]. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
+The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]]. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
 The actual requirement of [[Loyalty]] is typically to accomplish a goal but this may also include [[Preventing Goals]] to those opposed whatever one is loyal to. For [[Loyalty]] towards [[Characters]] and [[Factions]], requirements related to [[Social Norms]] can easily be added to provide added complexity. There are several ways of introducing challenges to a [[Loyalty]]. [[Opposing Goals]] is probably the most obvious and comes in to forms. One is giving goals to other [[Agents]] in the game so that [[Conflicts]] occur and [[Overcome]] goals are introduced as a result. The other is giving these [[Opposing Goals]] to the player himself or herself. This either creates [[Risk/Reward]] situations in that the player need to choose between different actions that cause [[Irreversible Events]] in relation to maintaining the [[Loyalty]], or  require [[Stealth]] to appear to be maintaining [[Social Norms]]. When the [[Loyalty]] lies towards [[Characters]] or [[Factions]], this can be taken a step further through the use of [[Either You are with Me or against Me]]. If the [[Loyalty]] is directed towards a [[Factions|Faction]], [[Internal Rivalry]] can be used to create a form of [[Social Dilemma]] by the use of [[Requesting Support]].
-[[Loyalty]] ends typically occur either with [[Penalties]] for failing to fulfill the goal but can also be consequences of [[Narration Structures]]. Typical appropriate effects when this occurs include becoming an [[Outcasts|Outcast]] or [[Traitors|Traitor]] and gaining [[Enemies]]. Providing [[Rewards]] at the end of a [[Loyalty]] is less common but can make sense at the end of a [[Quests|Quest]]. The end of [[Loyalty]] can either be a binary change from one game state to another or part of a more complex sub part of the game system, possibly including [[Randomness]]. The [[Loyalty]] in the [[Sims series]] and [[Crusader Kings]] are examples of the latter, with [[Crusader Kings]] for having detailed bonuses like modifying vassals' loyalty depending on how closely related they are to their liege.
+[[Loyalty]] ends typically occur either with [[Penalties]] for failing to fulfill the goal but can also be consequences of [[Predetermined Story Structures]]. Typical appropriate effects when this occurs include becoming an [[Outcasts|Outcast]] or [[Traitors|Traitor]] and gaining [[Enemies]]. Providing [[Rewards]] at the end of a [[Loyalty]] is less common but can make sense at the end of a [[Quests|Quest]]. The end of [[Loyalty]] can either be a binary change from one game state to another or part of a more complex sub part of the game system, possibly including [[Randomness]]. The [[Loyalty]] in the [[Sims series]] and [[Crusader Kings]] are examples of the latter, with [[Crusader Kings]] for having detailed bonuses like modifying vassals' loyalty depending on how closely related they are to their liege.
 === Diegetic Aspects ===
 [[Loyalty]] is a diegetic pattern so all aspects of it relate to the game diegesis.
-=== Narrative Aspects ===
+=== Narration Aspects ===
-Although the target for the [[Loyalty]] is not necessary aware of it (which is unavoidable if it is a cause), making it explicit as a promise, rite, or ritual in the game diegesis is a easy way of integrating the description of goals into a game's [[Narration Structures]].
+Although the target for the [[Loyalty]] is not necessary aware of it (which is unavoidable if it is a cause), making it explicit as a promise, rite, or ritual in the game diegesis is a easy way of integrating the description of goals into a game's [[Predetermined Story Structures]].
 == Consequences ==
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 == Relations ==
 === Can Instantiate ===
-[[Character Defining Actions]], [[Committed Goals]], [[Conflicts]], [[Continuous Goals]], [[Guilting]], [[Internal Conflicts]], [[Optional Goals]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Overcome]], [[Preventing Goals]], [[Risk/Reward]], [[Social Maintenance]], [[Social Norms]], [[Ultra-Powerful Events]]
+[[Character Defining Actions]], [[Committed Goals]], [[Conflicts]], [[Continuous Goals]], [[Guilting]],
 ==== with [[Opposing Goals]] or [[Internal Rivalry]] ====
@@ Line 53: / Line 57: @@
 === Can Be Instantiated By ===
-[[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Parties]], [[Quests]], [[Requesting Support]], [[Symbiotic Player Relations]], [[Stealth]]
+[[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Mutual Enemies]],
 [[Multiplayer Games]] together with [[Alliances]] or [[Guilds]]
 === Can Be Modulated By ===
-[[Characters]], [[Conflicts]], [[Factions]], [[Internal Rivalry]], [[Irreversible Events]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Linked Destinies]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Social Dilemmas]]
+[[Characters]], [[Conflicts]], [[Factions]], [[Internal Rivalry]], [[Irreversible Events]], [[Linked Destinies]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Social Dilemmas]]
 === Possible Closure Effects ===

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The presence of a [[Characters|Character]] or an [[Avatars|Avatar]] for the player is needed to use [[Loyalty]], since is based on being a diegetic commitment (although the [[Characters|Character]] might represent an abstract entity such as a civilization or country). Another requirement is to make a decision on whom or what to be faithful to, and here some more possibilities exist. Individual [[Characters]] or [[Avatars]] allow personal bonds and the use of [[Linked Destinies]] while [[Factions]] can provide more flexibility in [[Narration Structures]] and make the [[Loyalty]] come into play more naturally in many different places of a [[Game World]]. Both can be used to require [[Social Maintenance]]. The third option is a cause, which from a gameplay perspective can be seen as one way of diegetically presenting [[Quests]]. [[Quests]] can also be used to model temporary [[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]]. A forth option is to make players parts of [[Parties]], which have [[Loyalty]] as part of the [[Diegetic Social Norms]] of being members of them.
-Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]].
+Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]], or [[Symbiotic Player Relations]] that can be mapped to some diegetic representation.
 The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Narration Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]]. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 === Can Be Instantiated By ===
-[[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Parties]], [[Quests]], [[Requesting Support]], [[Stealth]]
+[[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Parties]], [[Quests]], [[Requesting Support]], [[Symbiotic Player Relations]], [[Stealth]]
 [[Multiplayer Games]] together with [[Alliances]] or [[Guilds]]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]].
-The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Narration Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]].
+The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Narration Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]]. Note that [[Loyalty]] may also be defined as either being loyal in all ways possible through gameplay actions or only appearing to be loyal (e.g. embezzling money for personal gain but still supporting one's patrons in all other ways).
 The actual requirement of [[Loyalty]] is typically to accomplish a goal but this may also include [[Preventing Goals]] to those opposed whatever one is loyal to. For [[Loyalty]] towards [[Characters]] and [[Factions]], requirements related to [[Social Norms]] can easily be added to provide added complexity. There are several ways of introducing challenges to a [[Loyalty]]. [[Opposing Goals]] is probably the most obvious and comes in to forms. One is giving goals to other [[Agents]] in the game so that [[Conflicts]] occur and [[Overcome]] goals are introduced as a result. The other is giving these [[Opposing Goals]] to the player himself or herself. This either creates [[Risk/Reward]] situations in that the player need to choose between different actions that cause [[Irreversible Events]] in relation to maintaining the [[Loyalty]], or  require [[Stealth]] to appear to be maintaining [[Social Norms]]. When the [[Loyalty]] lies towards [[Characters]] or [[Factions]], this can be taken a step further through the use of [[Either You are with Me or against Me]]. If the [[Loyalty]] is directed towards a [[Factions|Faction]], [[Internal Rivalry]] can be used to create a form of [[Social Dilemma]] by the use of [[Requesting Support]].

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 == Using the pattern ==
-The presence of a [[Characters|Character]] or an [[Avatars|Avatar]] for the player is needed to use [[Loyalty]], since is based on being a diegetic commitment (although the [[Characters|Character]] might represent an abstract entity such as a civilization or country). Another requirement is to make a decision on whom or what to be faithful to, and here some more possibilities exist. Individual [[Characters]] or [[Avatars]] allow personal bonds and the use of [[Linked Destinies]] while [[Factions]] can provide more flexibility in [[Narration Structures]] and make the [[Loyalty]] come into play more naturally in many different places of a [[Game World]]. Both can be used to require [[Social Maintenance]]. The third option is a cause, which from a gameplay perspective can be seen as one way of diegetically presenting [[Quests]]. [[Quests]] can also be used to model temporary [[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]].
+The presence of a [[Characters|Character]] or an [[Avatars|Avatar]] for the player is needed to use [[Loyalty]], since is based on being a diegetic commitment (although the [[Characters|Character]] might represent an abstract entity such as a civilization or country). Another requirement is to make a decision on whom or what to be faithful to, and here some more possibilities exist. Individual [[Characters]] or [[Avatars]] allow personal bonds and the use of [[Linked Destinies]] while [[Factions]] can provide more flexibility in [[Narration Structures]] and make the [[Loyalty]] come into play more naturally in many different places of a [[Game World]]. Both can be used to require [[Social Maintenance]]. The third option is a cause, which from a gameplay perspective can be seen as one way of diegetically presenting [[Quests]]. [[Quests]] can also be used to model temporary [[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]]. A forth option is to make players parts of [[Parties]], which have [[Loyalty]] as part of the [[Diegetic Social Norms]] of being members of them.
-Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]], and [[Parties]].
+Although the above assumes that it is a player than has the [[Loyalty]] towards something, the use of [[Companions]] allows these [[Agents]] to be loyal towards a player (of course, a player can be loyal to his [[Companions]] as well). In [[Multiplayer Games]], [[Loyalty]] can exist as reciprocal relations through the use of [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]].
 The use of [[Loyalty]] can either be forced upon the recipient or be voluntary. Enforced [[Loyalty]] can either be present from the start or occur as effect of [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] and the [[Narration Structures]] of the game. When there exists a choice between having [[Loyalty]] or not, it is a [[Optional Goals|Optional Goal]] but can often be shaped into also being a [[Character Defining Actions|Character Defining Action]].
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 === Can Be Instantiated By ===
-[[Alliances]], [[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Guilds]], [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Parties]], [[Quests]], [[Requesting Support]], [[Stealth]]
+[[Avatars]], [[Characters]], [[Companions]], [[Either You are with Me or against Me]], [[Factions]], [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Parties]], [[Quests]], [[Requesting Support]], [[Stealth]]
 === Can Be Modulated By ===

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 == Consequences ==
-[[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Fractions]] are [[Continuous Goals]] in the sense that a part of a relation needs to be maintained, and also [[Committed Goals]] since failing them typically carried [[Penalties]]. However, [[Loyalty]] can most of the time be maintained simply by avoiding to do actions that would break the agreement and this is especially common for [[Loyalty]] directed to causes in the form of [[Quests]]. When opposition exists, e.g. [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Loyalty]] also gives rise to [[Conflicts]] and [[Preventing Goals]]. When active display of [[Loyalty]] is required but other actions can be beneficial as well, [[Loyalty]] can be the cause of [[Social Dilemmas]]. Having several incompatible [[Loyalty|Loyalties]] can in themselves give rise to [[Conflicts]] and [[Social Dilemmas]] (including [[Internal Conflicts]]). [[Guilting]] can arise from [[Loyalty]], either from wishing not to disappoint or from failing to have shown it and trying to redeem oneself.
+[[Loyalty]] to [[Characters]] or [[Factions]] are [[Continuous Goals]] in the sense that a part of a relation needs to be maintained, and also [[Committed Goals]] since failing them typically carried [[Penalties]]. However, [[Loyalty]] can most of the time be maintained simply by avoiding to do actions that would break the agreement and this is especially common for [[Loyalty]] directed to causes in the form of [[Quests]]. When opposition exists, e.g. [[Mutual Enemies]], [[Loyalty]] also gives rise to [[Conflicts]] and [[Preventing Goals]]. When active display of [[Loyalty]] is required but other actions can be beneficial as well, [[Loyalty]] can be the cause of [[Social Dilemmas]]. Having several incompatible [[Loyalty|Loyalties]] can in themselves give rise to [[Conflicts]] and [[Social Dilemmas]] (including [[Internal Conflicts]]). [[Guilting]] can arise from [[Loyalty]], either from wishing not to disappoint or from failing to have shown it and trying to redeem oneself.
 When players are giving [[Opposing Goals]] in relation to some [[Loyalty]] they have, this creates [[Internal Conflicts]] and [[Social Dilemmas]] when the [[Loyalty]] is directed towards [[Characters]] or [[Factions]]. If it is possible to circumvent the incompatibility of the goals through [[Stealth]], this instantiates [[Risk/Reward]] in addition. If the actions involved can lead to the consequences of becoming [[Traitors]] or [[Outcasts]], [[Loyalty]] makes these into [[Character Defining Actions]].
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 === Can Be Modulated By ===
-[[Characters]], [[Conflicts]], [[Fractions]], [[Internal Rivalry]], [[Irreversible Events]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Linked Destinies]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Social Dilemmas]]
+[[Characters]], [[Conflicts]], [[Factions]], [[Internal Rivalry]], [[Irreversible Events]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Linked Destinies]], [[Opposing Goals]], [[Social Dilemmas]]
 === Possible Closure Effects ===