Single-Player Games - Revision history

Staffan Björk at 15:06, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T15:06:37Z

Staffan Björk: /* Relations */

2015-08-08T15:06:02Z

‎Relations

Staffan Björk at 08:27, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T08:27:41Z

Staffan Björk at 07:56, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T07:56:36Z

Staffan Björk at 05:22, 30 July 2015

2015-07-30T05:22:38Z

Staffan Björk at 11:59, 16 July 2015

2015-07-16T11:59:34Z

Staffan Björk at 20:59, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T20:59:21Z

Staffan Björk at 19:11, 9 September 2014

2014-09-09T19:11:04Z

Staffan Björk at 10:45, 30 July 2014

2014-07-30T10:45:33Z

Staffan Björk at 21:08, 17 July 2014

2014-07-17T21:08:47Z

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 The ways to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]] can be done somewhat differently in [[Single-Player Games]] compared to [[Multiplayer Games]]. First, by having players complete [[Levels]], game designers can control what sort of challenges the players should meet and be sure that it is the player and nobody else that managed the previous ones (this of course is under the assumption that it is the same agent behind the player all the time). Second, it is easier to provide [[Limited Planning Ability]] since the game can control exactly  what information the player has access to, and does not need worry about leakage from other players (but see below regarding [[Strategic Knowledge]]). Third, players [[Freedom of Choice]] can slowly be increased to ensure [[Smooth Learning Curves]] without having to take into consideration other players skill levels. [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]] can also be used easier since it may be more difficult to notice (players cannot compare their perceived difficulty with each other) and there is no problem of disrupting [[Player Balance]].
-When it comes to which [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] to associate with closures in [[Single-Player Games]], these are quite naturally crafted as [[Individual Rewards]] and [[Individual Penalties]]. However, [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] may work differently in [[Single-Player Games]] due to the possibility to have player specific modulations of game time, such as [[Cutscenes]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]]. Other game state manipulations outside the gameplay itself, are trivially possible in Single-Player Games, e.g. [[Save-Load Cycles]]. This can make it difficult to enforce [[Penalties]] without linking [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] to a game's [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]]. Making games [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] have similar effects to the other ways of allowing players to control time flow but may not allow them to avoid [[Penalties]] except when this can be achieved through a form of [[Puzzle Solving]].
+When it comes to which [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] to associate with closures in [[Single-Player Games]], these are quite naturally crafted as [[Individual Rewards]] and [[Individual Penalties]]. However, [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] may work differently in [[Single-Player Games]] due to the possibility to have player specific breaks or modulations of gameplay time, such as [[Cutscenes]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]]. Other game state manipulations outside the gameplay itself, are trivially possible in Single-Player Games, e.g. [[Save-Load Cycles]]. This can make it difficult to enforce [[Penalties]] without linking [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] to a game's [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]]. Making games [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] have similar effects to the other ways of allowing players to control time flow but may not allow them to avoid [[Penalties]] except when this can be achieved through a form of [[Puzzle Solving]].
 The use of [[Spectators]] allows [[Single-Player Games]] to become social activities even if those other players do not directly affect the gameplay or the game state. This can however be achieved in games supporting [[Construction]] or other forms of [[Creative Control]] since these creations can then be share across game instances through [[Trans-Game Information]]. Examples of games supporting this includes [[NetHack]], [[Spore]], and Addventures<ref name="addventure"/>; online versions of these types of games are sometimes referred to as [[Massively Single-Player Online Games]]. In these case the game system handles the transfer of information (with or without the players' knowledge and/or consent) but designers may also wish that players pass various forms of [[Trans-Game Information]] between themselves and non-players, and thereby support extra-game [[Social Interaction]]. At some level all games support this since players' may wish to share their experience of gaming, e.g. retelling what the [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]] told, telling the narrative of their own gameplay experience, commenting graphical or auditory qualities, or simply [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]]. However, there are some gameplay related features of games that can encourage this further. For games allowing players to develop [[Strategic Knowledge]], sharing this is a way to strive for [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] or simply engage in [[Bragging]] based on [[Gameplay Mastery]]. When [[Gameplay Mastery]] cannot simply be proven by knowledge, games can support the exchange of this type of [[Trans-Game Information]] through giving it concrete forms through [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Replays]], and [[Achievements]]. The three last of these give rise to [[Meta Games]] that blur the line between [[Single-Player Games]] and [[Multiplayer Games]], especially so for the more specific use of [[Replays]] to create [[Ghosts]] since then gamers can directly compare their performance with other performances during gameplay. Of course, through the use of [[AI Players]] a [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer Game]] can be played alone and thereby functionally be a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]]. The interest of discussing the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] in a game can, for the purpose of extra-game [[Social Interaction]], be augmented through the use of [[Open Destiny]] since this can create objective differences in the narrative, and thereby discussions about [[Replayability]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]. [[Replayability]] can also be added to most [[Single-Player Games]] by simply adding [[Scores]] since then players can try to beat their previous [[Scores]].

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ==== with [[Game Pauses]] or [[Turn-Based Games]] ====
 [[Drop-In/Drop-Out]], [[Freedom of Choice]]
 ==== with [[Reversibility]] or [[Save-Load Cycles]] ====
@@ Line 93: / Line 96: @@
 [[Diegetic Consistency]], [[Predetermined Story Structures]]
-==== with [[Cutscenes]] or [[Game Time Manipulation]] ====
+==== with [[Cutscenes]] ====
 [[Penalties]], [[Rewards]]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 A basic question regarding the design of [[Single-Player Games]] is if they can be won or not, i.e. if they are [[Unwinnable Games]] or not. Those that are winnable make use of [[Winning by Ending Gameplay]] since [[Winner determined after Gameplay Ends]] only makes sense if there are several players that can win.
-One of the main issues in [[Single-Player Games]] is to consider how to create challenges without human opposition. [[Puzzle Solving]] and [[Construction]] are typically ways of achieving this, and can be modulated with [[Time Limits]] to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]]. Although [[Single-Player Games]] cannot have player opposition, i.e. they have to rely on [[PvE]] structures rather than [[PvP]] structures, the goals and conflicts can be structured in similar fashion as in [[Multiplayer Games]] with [[Conflict]] and [[Combat]] through the use of [[Algorithmic Agents]]. These can designed to be [[Enemies]] which may not be able to win the game, but can be thought of opposition with [[Eliminate]] goals or as having [[Opposing Goals]] to the player's [[Survive]] goal. For example, [[Pac-Man]] can be analyzed as a game between the Pac-Man and the ghosts and thereby reveal similarities with [[Tag]], including [[Role Reversals]]. Likewise, the use of [[Units]] can be used in [[Single-Player Games]] to simulate some of the aspects of [[Teams]], especially [[Team Combos]]. To avoid having players have to perform all the [[Excise]] required to handle all the resistance to their own progress, [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are appropriate, especially if one wishes to achieve [[Tension]] ([[Game Masters]] are rarely use for this purpose - probably because having one human facilitator for one player is a steep overhead and a computer-based one will be seen as part of the overall facilitation - but see [[Sleep is Death]]).
+One of the main issues in [[Single-Player Games]] is to consider how to create challenges without human opposition. [[Puzzle Solving]] and [[Construction]] are typically ways of achieving this, and can be modulated with [[Time Limits]] to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]]. Although [[Single-Player Games]] cannot have player opposition, i.e. they have to rely on [[PvE]] structures rather than [[PvP]] structures, the goals and conflicts can be structured in similar fashion as in [[Multiplayer Games]] with [[Conflicts]] and [[Combat]] through the use of [[Algorithmic Agents]]. These can designed to be [[Enemies]] which may not be able to win the game, but can be thought of opposition with [[Eliminate]] goals or as having [[Opposing Goals]] to the player's [[Survive]] goal. For example, [[Pac-Man]] can be analyzed as a game between the Pac-Man and the ghosts and thereby reveal similarities with [[Tag]], including [[Role Reversals]]. Likewise, the use of [[Units]] can be used in [[Single-Player Games]] to simulate some of the aspects of [[Teams]], especially [[Team Combos]]. To avoid having players have to perform all the [[Excise]] required to handle all the resistance to their own progress, [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are appropriate, especially if one wishes to achieve [[Tension]] ([[Game Masters]] are rarely use for this purpose - probably because having one human facilitator for one player is a steep overhead and a computer-based one will be seen as part of the overall facilitation - but see [[Sleep is Death]]).
 The ways to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]] can be done somewhat differently in [[Single-Player Games]] compared to [[Multiplayer Games]]. First, by having players complete [[Levels]], game designers can control what sort of challenges the players should meet and be sure that it is the player and nobody else that managed the previous ones (this of course is under the assumption that it is the same agent behind the player all the time). Second, it is easier to provide [[Limited Planning Ability]] since the game can control exactly  what information the player has access to, and does not need worry about leakage from other players (but see below regarding [[Strategic Knowledge]]). Third, players [[Freedom of Choice]] can slowly be increased to ensure [[Smooth Learning Curves]] without having to take into consideration other players skill levels. [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]] can also be used easier since it may be more difficult to notice (players cannot compare their perceived difficulty with each other) and there is no problem of disrupting [[Player Balance]].
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ==== with [[Algorithmic Agents]] ====
-[[Conflict]], [[Combat]]
+[[Conflicts]], [[Combat]]
 ==== with [[Construction]], [[Creative Control]], or [[High Score Lists]] ====

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 When it comes to which [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] to associate with closures in [[Single-Player Games]], these are quite naturally crafted as [[Individual Rewards]] and [[Individual Penalties]]. However, [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] may work differently in [[Single-Player Games]] due to the possibility to have player specific modulations of game time, such as [[Cutscenes]] and [[Game Time Manipulation]]. Other game state manipulations outside the gameplay itself, are trivially possible in Single-Player Games, e.g. [[Save-Load Cycles]]. This can make it difficult to enforce [[Penalties]] without linking [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] to a game's [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]]. Making games [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] have similar effects to the other ways of allowing players to control time flow but may not allow them to avoid [[Penalties]] except when this can be achieved through a form of [[Puzzle Solving]].
-The use of [[Spectators]] allows [[Single-Player Games]] to become social activities even if those other players do not directly affect the gameplay or the game state. This can however be achieved in games supporting [[Construction]] or other forms of [[Creative Control]] since these creations can then be share across game instances through [[Trans-Game Information]]. Examples of games supporting this includes [[NetHack]], [[Spore]], and Addventures<ref name="addventure"/>; online versions of these types of games are sometimes referred to as [[Massively Single-Player Online Games]]. In these case the game system handles the transfer of information (with or without the players' knowledge and/or consent) but designers may also wish that players pass various forms of [[Trans-Game Information]] between themselves and non-players, and thereby support extra-game [[Social Interaction]]. At some level all games support this since players' may wish to share their experience of gaming, e.g. retelling what the [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]] told, telling the narrative of their own gameplay experience, commenting graphical or auditory qualities, or simply [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]]. However, there are some gameplay related features of games that can encourage this further. For games allowing players to develop [[Strategic Knowledge]], sharing this is a way to strive for [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] or simply engage in [[Bragging]] based on [[Game Mastery]]. When [[Game Mastery]] cannot simply be proven by knowledge, games can support the exchange of this type of [[Trans-Game Information]] through giving it concrete forms through [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Replays]], and [[Achievements]]. The three last of these give rise to [[Meta Games]] that blur the line between [[Single-Player Games]] and [[Multiplayer Games]], especially so for the more specific use of [[Replays]] to create [[Ghosts]] since then gamers can directly compare their performance with other performances during gameplay. Of course, through the use of [[AI Players]] a [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer Game]] can be played alone and thereby functionally be a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]]. The interest of discussing the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] in a game can, for the purpose of extra-game [[Social Interaction]], be augmented through the use of [[Open Destiny]] since this can create objective differences in the narrative, and thereby discussions about [[Replayability]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]. [[Replayability]] can also be added to most [[Single-Player Games]] by simply adding [[Scores]] since then players can try to beat their previous [[Scores]].
+The use of [[Spectators]] allows [[Single-Player Games]] to become social activities even if those other players do not directly affect the gameplay or the game state. This can however be achieved in games supporting [[Construction]] or other forms of [[Creative Control]] since these creations can then be share across game instances through [[Trans-Game Information]]. Examples of games supporting this includes [[NetHack]], [[Spore]], and Addventures<ref name="addventure"/>; online versions of these types of games are sometimes referred to as [[Massively Single-Player Online Games]]. In these case the game system handles the transfer of information (with or without the players' knowledge and/or consent) but designers may also wish that players pass various forms of [[Trans-Game Information]] between themselves and non-players, and thereby support extra-game [[Social Interaction]]. At some level all games support this since players' may wish to share their experience of gaming, e.g. retelling what the [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]] told, telling the narrative of their own gameplay experience, commenting graphical or auditory qualities, or simply [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]]. However, there are some gameplay related features of games that can encourage this further. For games allowing players to develop [[Strategic Knowledge]], sharing this is a way to strive for [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] or simply engage in [[Bragging]] based on [[Gameplay Mastery]]. When [[Gameplay Mastery]] cannot simply be proven by knowledge, games can support the exchange of this type of [[Trans-Game Information]] through giving it concrete forms through [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Replays]], and [[Achievements]]. The three last of these give rise to [[Meta Games]] that blur the line between [[Single-Player Games]] and [[Multiplayer Games]], especially so for the more specific use of [[Replays]] to create [[Ghosts]] since then gamers can directly compare their performance with other performances during gameplay. Of course, through the use of [[AI Players]] a [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer Game]] can be played alone and thereby functionally be a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]]. The interest of discussing the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] in a game can, for the purpose of extra-game [[Social Interaction]], be augmented through the use of [[Open Destiny]] since this can create objective differences in the narrative, and thereby discussions about [[Replayability]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]. [[Replayability]] can also be added to most [[Single-Player Games]] by simply adding [[Scores]] since then players can try to beat their previous [[Scores]].
 Although [[Roleplaying]] is commonly associated with [[Social Interaction]], many [[Single-Player Games]] also make use of this through presenting game goals as diegetic goals held by the player's [[Characters|Character]] or [[Avatars|Avatar]]. This can however be ignored by players and thereby make them break the [[Thematic Consistency]]. A way to counter this is use [[Committed Goals]], but these need to be [[Optional Goals]] as well if one doesn't want to restrict players' [[Freedom of Choice]]. Another approach is to use [[Infiltrate]] goals, since this requires [[Roleplaying]] on the diegetic level. It should be noted that on a general level players can break [[Thematic Consistency]] if they play around in games rather than try to fulfill goals presented by the design.

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 == Using the pattern ==
 One of the main issues in [[Single-Player Games]] is to consider how to create challenges without human opposition. [[Puzzle Solving]] and [[Construction]] are typically ways of achieving this, and can be modulated with [[Time Limits]] to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]]. Although [[Single-Player Games]] cannot have player opposition, i.e. they have to rely on [[PvE]] structures rather than [[PvP]] structures, the goals and conflicts can be structured in similar fashion as in [[Multiplayer Games]] with [[Conflict]] and [[Combat]] through the use of [[Algorithmic Agents]]. These can designed to be [[Enemies]] which may not be able to win the game, but can be thought of opposition with [[Eliminate]] goals or as having [[Opposing Goals]] to the player's [[Survive]] goal. For example, [[Pac-Man]] can be analyzed as a game between the Pac-Man and the ghosts and thereby reveal similarities with [[Tag]], including [[Role Reversals]]. Likewise, the use of [[Units]] can be used in [[Single-Player Games]] to simulate some of the aspects of [[Teams]], especially [[Team Combos]]. To avoid having players have to perform all the [[Excise]] required to handle all the resistance to their own progress, [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are appropriate, especially if one wishes to achieve [[Tension]] ([[Game Masters]] are rarely use for this purpose - probably because having one human facilitator for one player is a steep overhead and a computer-based one will be seen as part of the overall facilitation - but see [[Sleep is Death]]).
@@ Line 98: / Line 100: @@
 === Can Be Modulated By ===
-[[Algorithmic Agents]], [[Construction]], [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]], [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]], [[Enemies]], [[Individual Rewards]], [[Individual Penalties]], [[Public Interfaces]], [[Puzzle Solving]], [[PvE]],
+[[Algorithmic Agents]], [[Construction]], [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]], [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]], [[Enemies]],
 [[Replays]],
 [[Roleplaying]],
 [[Sanctioned Cheating]],
 [[Scores]],
-[[Time Limits]], [[Open Destiny]], [[Trans-Game Information]]
+[[Time Limits]],
 === Possible Closure Effects ===
@@ Line 109: / Line 119: @@
 === Potentially Conflicting With ===
-[[Game Masters]], [[PvP]], [[Social Interaction]]
+[[Game Masters]], [[PvP]],
 ==== with [[Save-Load Cycles]] ====

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 By adding [[Drop-In/Drop-Out]] functionality for additional players, [[Single-Player Games]] can become [[Multiplayer Games]] whenever players wish so.
 === Diegetic Aspects ===
@@ Line 73: / Line 75: @@
 ==== with [[Reversibility]] or [[Save-Load Cycles]] ====
 [[Experimenting]]
 ==== with [[Units]] ====
@@ Line 92: / Line 100: @@
 [[Algorithmic Agents]], [[Construction]], [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]], [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]], [[Enemies]], [[Individual Rewards]], [[Individual Penalties]], [[Public Interfaces]], [[Puzzle Solving]], [[PvE]],
 [[Replays]],
-[[Roleplaying]], [[Time Limits]], [[Open Destiny]], [[Trans-Game Information]]
+[[Roleplaying]],
 === Possible Closure Effects ===

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 The ways to achieve [[Challenging Gameplay]] can be done somewhat differently in [[Single-Player Games]] compared to [[Multiplayer Games]]. First, by having players complete [[Levels]], game designers can control what sort of challenges the players should meet and be sure that it is the player and nobody else that managed the previous ones (this of course is under the assumption that it is the same agent behind the player all the time). Second, it is easier to provide [[Limited Planning Ability]] since the game can control exactly  what information the player has access to, and does not need worry about leakage from other players (but see below regarding [[Strategic Knowledge]]). Third, players [[Freedom of Choice]] can slowly be increased to ensure [[Smooth Learning Curves]] without having to take into consideration other players skill levels. [[Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment]] can also be used easier since it may be more difficult to notice (players cannot compare their perceived difficulty with each other) and there is no problem of disrupting [[Player Balance]].
-When it comes to which [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] to associate with closures in [[Single-Player Games]], these are quite naturally crafted as [[Individual Rewards]] and [[Individual Penalties]]. However, [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] may work differently in [[Single-Player Games]] due to the possibility to have player specific modulations of game time, such as [[Game Pauses]], [[Cutscenes]], [[Game Time Manipulation]]. Other game state manipulations outside the gameplay itself, are trivially possible in Single-Player Games, e.g. [[Save-Load Cycles]]. This can make it difficult to enforce [[Penalties]] without linking [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] to a game's [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]]. Making games [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] have similar effects to the other ways of allowing players to control time flow but may not allow them to avoid [[Penalties]] except when this can be achieved through a form of [[Puzzle Solving]].
+When it comes to which [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] to associate with closures in [[Single-Player Games]], these are quite naturally crafted as [[Individual Rewards]] and [[Individual Penalties]]. However, [[Rewards]] and [[Penalties]] may work differently in [[Single-Player Games]] due to the possibility to have player specific modulations of game time, such as [[Game Pauses]], [[Cutscenes]], [[Game Time Manipulation]]. Other game state manipulations outside the gameplay itself, are trivially possible in Single-Player Games, e.g. [[Save-Load Cycles]]. This can make it difficult to enforce [[Penalties]] without linking [[Ultra-Powerful Events]] to a game's [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]]. Making games [[Turn-Based Games|Turn-Based]] have similar effects to the other ways of allowing players to control time flow but may not allow them to avoid [[Penalties]] except when this can be achieved through a form of [[Puzzle Solving]].
-The use of [[Spectators]] allows [[Single-Player Games]] to become social activities even if those other players do not directly affect the gameplay or the game state. This can however be achieved in games supporting [[Construction]] or other forms of [[Creative Control]] since these creations can then be share across game instances through [[Trans-Game Information]]. Examples of games supporting this includes [[NetHack]], [[Spore]], and Addventures<ref name="addventure"/>; online versions of these types of games are sometimes referred to as [[Massively Single-Player Online Games]]. In these case the game system handles the transfer of information (with or without the players' knowledge and/or consent) but designers may also wish that players pass various forms of [[Trans-Game Information]] between themselves and non-players, and thereby support extra-game [[Social Interaction]]. At some level all games support this since players' may wish to share their experience of gaming, e.g. retelling what the [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]] told, telling the narrative of their own gameplay experience, commenting graphical or auditory qualities, or simply [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]]. However, there are some gameplay related features of games that can encourage this further. For games allowing players to develop [[Strategic Knowledge]], sharing this is a way to strive for [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] or simply engage in [[Bragging]] based on [[Game Mastery]]. When [[Game Mastery]] cannot simply be proven by knowledge, games can support the exchange of this type of [[Trans-Game Information]] through giving it concrete forms through [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Replays]], and [[Achievements]]. The three last of these give rise to [[Meta Games]] that blur the line between [[Single-Player Games]] and [[Multiplayer Games]], especially so for the more specific use of [[Replays]] to create [[Ghosts]] since then gamers can directly compare their performance with other performances during gameplay. Of course, through the use of [[AI Players]] a [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer Game]] can be played alone and thereby functionally be a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]]. The interest of discussing the [[Narration Structures]] in a game can, for the purpose of extra-game [[Social Interaction]], be augmented through the use of [[Open Destiny]] since this can create objective differences in the narrative (and thereby discussions about [[Replayability]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]).
+The use of [[Spectators]] allows [[Single-Player Games]] to become social activities even if those other players do not directly affect the gameplay or the game state. This can however be achieved in games supporting [[Construction]] or other forms of [[Creative Control]] since these creations can then be share across game instances through [[Trans-Game Information]]. Examples of games supporting this includes [[NetHack]], [[Spore]], and Addventures<ref name="addventure"/>; online versions of these types of games are sometimes referred to as [[Massively Single-Player Online Games]]. In these case the game system handles the transfer of information (with or without the players' knowledge and/or consent) but designers may also wish that players pass various forms of [[Trans-Game Information]] between themselves and non-players, and thereby support extra-game [[Social Interaction]]. At some level all games support this since players' may wish to share their experience of gaming, e.g. retelling what the [[Predetermined Story Structures|Predetermined Story Structure]] told, telling the narrative of their own gameplay experience, commenting graphical or auditory qualities, or simply [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]]. However, there are some gameplay related features of games that can encourage this further. For games allowing players to develop [[Strategic Knowledge]], sharing this is a way to strive for [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] or simply engage in [[Bragging]] based on [[Game Mastery]]. When [[Game Mastery]] cannot simply be proven by knowledge, games can support the exchange of this type of [[Trans-Game Information]] through giving it concrete forms through [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Replays]], and [[Achievements]]. The three last of these give rise to [[Meta Games]] that blur the line between [[Single-Player Games]] and [[Multiplayer Games]], especially so for the more specific use of [[Replays]] to create [[Ghosts]] since then gamers can directly compare their performance with other performances during gameplay. Of course, through the use of [[AI Players]] a [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer Game]] can be played alone and thereby functionally be a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]]. The interest of discussing the [[Predetermined Story Structures]] in a game can, for the purpose of extra-game [[Social Interaction]], be augmented through the use of [[Open Destiny]] since this can create objective differences in the narrative (and thereby discussions about [[Replayability]] and [[Varied Gameplay]]).
 Although [[Roleplaying]] is commonly associated with [[Social Interaction]], many [[Single-Player Games]] also make use of this through presenting game goals as diegetic goals held by the player's [[Characters|Character]] or [[Avatars|Avatar]]. This can however be ignored by players and thereby make them break the [[Thematic Consistency]]. A way to counter this is use [[Committed Goals]], but these need to be [[Optional Goals]] as well if one doesn't want to restrict players' [[Freedom of Choice]]. Another approach is to use [[Infiltrate]] goals, since this requires [[Roleplaying]] on the diegetic level. It should be noted that on a general level players can break [[Thematic Consistency]] if they play around in games rather than try to fulfill goals presented by the design.
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 If one wishes to make it possible for several humans to play a [[Single-Player Games|Single-Player Game]] together, [[Public Interfaces]] can be an alternative to [[Drop-In/Drop-Out]]. This way, co-located can people to share the interface and thereby have a form of common gameplay experience. This solution may be easier to accomplish in games making use of [[Units]] rather than [[Avatars]], since these have already need to have interfaces that support several [[Focus Loci]].
-=== Narrative Aspects ===
+=== Narration Aspects ===
-[[Narration Structures]] are typically easier to construct for [[Single-Player Games]] where the player controls only one [[Avatars|Avatar]] or [[Characters|Character]] since the structure can concentrate upon this [[Focus Loci]]. Further, the design does not have to consider the how the interactions between different players can create complications or special cases. This being said, some [[Single-Player Games]] interested in creating narratives, e.g. [[Fahrenheit]] and the [[Sims series]], let players control several different [[Characters]]. In these cases this is used to either provide several different view points ([[Fahrenheit]]) to achieve a [[Melodramatic Structures|Melodramatic Structure]] or to place the construction of the narrative under the players' [[Creative Control]].
+[[Predetermined Story Structures]] are typically easier to construct for [[Single-Player Games]] where the player controls only one [[Avatars|Avatar]] or [[Characters|Character]] since the structure can concentrate upon this [[Focus Loci]]. Further, the design does not have to consider the how the interactions between different players can create complications or special cases. This being said, some [[Single-Player Games]] interested in creating narratives, e.g. [[Fahrenheit]] and the [[Sims series]], let players control several different [[Characters]]. In these cases this is used to either provide several different view points ([[Fahrenheit]]) to achieve a [[Melodramatic Structures|Melodramatic Structure]] or to place the construction of the narrative under the players' [[Creative Control]].
 == Consequences ==
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 [[Team Combos]], [[Teams]]
-==== with [[Achievements]], [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]], [[Drop-In/Drop-Out]], [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Narration Structures]], [[Public Interfaces]], [[Replays]], [[Spectators]], or [[Strategic Knowledge]] ====
+==== with [[Achievements]], [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]], [[Drop-In/Drop-Out]], [[Easter Eggs]], [[High Score Lists]], [[Predetermined Story Structures]], [[Public Interfaces]], [[Replays]], [[Spectators]], or [[Strategic Knowledge]] ====
 [[Social Interaction]]
 === Can Modulate ===
-[[Diegetic Consistency]], [[Narration Structures]]
+[[Diegetic Consistency]], [[Predetermined Story Structures]]
 ==== with [[Game Pauses]], [[Cutscenes]], or [[Game Time Manipulation]] ====

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 === Examples ===
-Example of games where a player's challenge lies in puzzle-solving are [[Sudoku]], [[Continuity]], and the [[Incredible Machine game series]]. The challenge can be increased by adding time constraints (e.g. [[Bejeweled]], or through requiring dexterity (e.g. [[Mercury Meltdown]] or [[Osmos]]).
+[[Solitaire]] and [[Peg Solitaire]] are archetypical examples of traditional [[Single-Player Games]]. Other examples of games where a player's challenge lies in puzzle-solving are [[Sudoku]], [[Continuity]], and the [[Incredible Machine game series]]. The challenge can be increased by adding time constraints (e.g. [[Bejeweled]], or through requiring dexterity (e.g. [[Mercury Meltdown]] or [[Osmos]]).
 [[Single-Player Games]] where the opposition is automated are many. Typically this is through having enemies controlled by the computer (.e.g. [[God of War series]], [[Need for Speed series]], [[Thief series]], [[Plants vs. Zombies]], and [[Zombiepox]]) but simply handling the environment can be challenge enough (e.g. [[Icy Tower]] and [[Sims series]]). Of course, the two types can be combined and often are (e.g. [[Assassin's Creed 2]], [[Minecraft]], [[The Legend of Zelda series|the Legend of Zelda series]], and the [[Super Mario series]]).