Stimulated Planning - Revision history

Staffan Björk at 08:30, 27 August 2021

2021-08-27T08:30:18Z

Staffan Björk at 11:16, 21 March 2018

2018-03-21T11:16:38Z

Staffan Björk at 10:44, 6 March 2018

2018-03-06T10:44:30Z

Staffan Björk: /* Can Be Instantiated By */

2018-01-25T15:26:23Z

‎Can Be Instantiated By

Staffan Björk: /* Consequences */

2018-01-25T15:26:03Z

‎Consequences

Staffan Björk at 08:45, 21 September 2016

2016-09-21T08:45:42Z

Staffan Björk at 11:05, 21 September 2015

2015-09-21T11:05:13Z

Staffan Björk at 07:54, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T07:54:11Z

Staffan Björk at 16:41, 2 August 2015

2015-08-02T16:41:22Z

Staffan Björk at 16:33, 2 August 2015

2015-08-02T16:33:23Z

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 The ability to plan how a chain of actions can lead to a wanted game state depend on both how many actions is required and how difficult it is to make a correct assumption of the effects of those actions. However, to do planning at all some time to do the planning is first required, and providing this time can be enforced by the use of [[Downtime]] (e.g. through [[Turn Taking]] or [[Ultra-Powerful Events]]) or [[Lull Periods]]. [[Stimulated Planning]] can also be encouraged on a voluntary basis, e.g. through making [[Single-Player Games]] use [[Turn-Based Games|Turns]] or allow [[Game Pauses]]. [[Real-Time Games]] by their nature act against [[Stimulated Planning]], but may be supported through making [[No-Ops]] safe through [[Game Pauses]] or the presence of [[Safe Havens]].
-Activities that require planning include [[Resource Management]], [[Puzzle Solving]] (e.g. to achieve [[Capture]]), or avoiding [[Traps]] or being in the [[Line of Sight]] of [[Agents]] in order to complete [[Stealth]] goals. Of course, [[Stimulated Planning]] is also required to make [[Stealth]] goals as difficult as possible by those with [[Guard]] goals. Especially [[Resource Management]] can provide a great variety of possible actions that can [[Stimulated Planning|Stimulate Planning]] of how to make use of [[Limited Resources]]: which [[Resources]] and [[Units]] should be created by [[Producers]] or [[Converters]], what [[Investments]] to make, and which [[Resources]] should be saved in [[Containers]]. Related to this is knowledge of [[Resource Sources]], having this allows players to plan on how and when to try and get [[Resources]] needed for various actions. Further, many sorts of actions promote planning: [[Extended Actions]] may require it as well as provide time to plans what to do next, actions with [[Delayed Effects]] such as [[Development Time]] may require planning to make full use of [[Timing]], having to choose between possible [[Rewards]], and the long-term consequences of [[Irreversible Actions]] may require more planning than other actions. Limits on which actions can be done make them into [[Resources]] and thereby also stimulate planning; examples of ways to do this is [[Action Caps]] such as [[Budgeted Action Points]] but making actions have [[Cooldown]] periods is also possible. Any [[Risk/Reward]] choices or choices that require [[Trade-Offs]] also promote [[Stimulated Planning]]. The number of actions available is one aspect of this so [[Complex Gameplay]] effects [[Stimulated Planning]], typically by making it both more difficulty and more necessary, while [[Limited Set of Actions]] makes it easier without necessarily making it needed. [[Collaboration]] or just coordinating activities into [[Collaborative Actions]] also requires planning, especially with [[Asymmetric Abilities]]. By having [[Mutual Goals]] this may become a necessity, as for example in [[Space Alert]].
+Activities that require planning include [[Resource Management]], [[Puzzle Solving]] (e.g. to achieve [[Capture]]), or avoiding [[Traps]] or being in the [[Line of Sight]] of [[Agents]] in order to complete [[Stealth]] goals. Of course, [[Stimulated Planning]] is also required to make [[Stealth]] goals as difficult as possible by those with [[Guard]] goals. Especially [[Resource Management]] can provide a great variety of possible actions that can [[Stimulated Planning|Stimulate Planning]] of how to make use of [[Limited Resources]]: which [[Resources]] and [[Units]] should be created by [[Producers]] or [[Converters]], what [[Investments]] to make (possibly strengthened through the use of [[Geometric Progression]]), and which [[Resources]] should be saved in [[Containers]]. Related to this is knowledge of [[Resource Sources]], having this allows players to plan on how and when to try and get [[Resources]] needed for various actions. Further, many sorts of actions promote planning: [[Extended Actions]] may require it as well as provide time to plans what to do next, actions with [[Delayed Effects]] such as [[Development Time]] may require planning to make full use of [[Timing]], having to choose between possible [[Rewards]], and the long-term consequences of [[Irreversible Actions]] may require more planning than other actions. Limits on which actions can be done make them into [[Resources]] and thereby also stimulate planning; examples of ways to do this is [[Action Caps]] such as [[Budgeted Action Points]] but making actions have [[Cooldown]] periods is also possible. Any [[Risk/Reward]] choices or choices that require [[Trade-Offs]] also promote [[Stimulated Planning]]. The number of actions available is one aspect of this so [[Complex Gameplay]] effects [[Stimulated Planning]], typically by making it both more difficulty and more necessary, while [[Limited Set of Actions]] makes it easier without necessarily making it needed. [[Collaboration]] or just coordinating activities into [[Collaborative Actions]] also requires planning, especially with [[Asymmetric Abilities]]. By having [[Mutual Goals]] this may become a necessity, as for example in [[Space Alert]].
 While [[Predictable Consequences]] is required on at least some level for the pattern to be present (since otherwise it is impossible to plan what to do after the first action), various types of [[Internal Conflicts]] can make it a necessity. The presence of [[Enemies]] make the planning of actions more complex because one must consider their actions as well (especially if these are groups with [[Orthogonal Differentiation]]) but also more difficult, or even impossible, because they may limit the amount of time available to plan. [[Stealth]] is an activity where this type of planning is more likely to be necessary than not since often single mistakes can ruin attempts. If the [[Enemies|Enemy]] actions are easily predictable, e.g. the movement of aliens in [[Space Invaders]], this may require more planning in the form of [[Puzzle Solving]] or [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] for some parts of the plan. With more complex behaviors, either by opposing players or sufficiently complex [[Algorithmic Agents]], the [[Enemies]] become [[Agents]] which may cause the planning to become more difficult (one must consider what the [[Agents]] are planning) and may even shift the gameplay towards [[Negotiation]] or [[Social Interaction]]. This can partly be countered by [[Public Information]] or [[Symmetric Information]] about other players' goals and game elements to make it easier to predict them, with the added feature that players know what other players know.  [[Private Game Spaces]] also encourages [[Stimulated Planning]] since that when other players only indirectly, if at all, can effect the player's efforts one's own efforts have more [[Predictable Consequences]]. In general, any gameplay where there is [[Player Unpredictability]] from other players provide motivation for [[Stimulated Planning]] since deducing correctly what other players will do is usually beneficial (an example of this can be found in [[Race for the Galaxy]] where guessing correctly what actions other players will perform can allow oneself to avoid having to chose those actions).

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 Planning may occur by itself between play sessions, and for this reason [[Stimulated Planning]] can be said to be encouraged by [[Asynchronous Gameplay]]. [[Player-Planned Development]] in roleplaying games and [[Development Trees]] are example of game features that further increase the likelihood of the [[Extra-Game Actions]] of planning between play sessions. [[Stimulated Planning]] can be promoted by the [[Extra-Game Actions]] of [[Save-Load Cycles]], which allows players to do [[Experimenting]] first and then try to overcome challenges; in contrast, [[Experimenting]] with [[Non-Renewable Resources]] can make players commit more to [[Stimulated Planning]].
-Focusing solely on [[Strategic Planning]], games can also have [[Stimulated Planning]] between game sessions by containing [[Deck Building]] or making [[Strategic Knowledge]] important. When a game has [[Replayability]] it is often has [[Stimulated Planning]], if only to plan how to have a different experience if nothing else. [[Cursor*10]] can be be seen in the light as a [[Meta Games|Meta Game]] where a player must plan in one game session what effect his or her actions have in the following game sessions (although it should be noted that the session are played back-to-back).
+Focusing solely on [[Strategic Planning]], games can also have [[Stimulated Planning]] between game sessions by containing [[Card Building|Card]] or [[Deck Building]], or by making [[Strategic Knowledge]] important. When a game has [[Replayability]] it is often has [[Stimulated Planning]], if only to plan how to have a different experience if nothing else. [[Cursor*10]] can be be seen in the light as a [[Meta Games|Meta Game]] where a player must plan in one game session what effect his or her actions have in the following game sessions (although it should be noted that the session are played back-to-back).
 Since planning is often needed for [[Cooperation]] and [[Coordination]], [[Stimulated Planning]] can be created by having [[Multiplayer Games]] with [[Alliances]], [[Guilds]], or [[Parties]] or any other structures they encourages [[Cooperation]] or [[Coordination]].
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 [[Asynchronous Gameplay]],
 [[Budgeted Action Points]],
 [[Collaborative Actions]],
 [[Cooldown]],

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 That players must have a certain presence of [[Predictable Consequences]] of their actions does not mean that complete predictability is desirable from players' perspectives; one may want to plan so that one is intentional unaware of the exact outcomes to allow oneself to have [[Surprises]]. This can be a motivating factor for [[Game Masters]], either because they themselves will be provided with challenges during gameplay or that the results narration is unknown to them.
-A basic requirement for being able to draw conclusions about what effects ones actions will have is knowing something about the current game state. [[Direct Information]] of course provide this, even more so for  and games with [[Perfect Information]] (e.g. [[Chess]] or [[Go]]), but games with [[Imperfect Information]] may use [[Game State Overviews]] to provide sufficient information to support the planning. Games that piece-wise hand out resources or information about resources, e.g. through [[Drawing Stacks]], allow players to engage in  [[Stimulated Planning]] through [[Memorizing]] what has been used and from that information consider possible plans.
+A basic requirement for being able to draw conclusions about what effects ones actions will have is knowing something about the current game state. [[Direct Information]] of course provide this, even more so for  and games with [[Perfect Information]] (e.g. [[Chess]] or [[Go]]), but games with [[Imperfect Information]] may use [[Game State Overviews]] to provide sufficient information to support the planning. Games that piece-wise hand out resources or information about resources, e.g. through [[Drawing Stacks]], allow players to engage in [[Stimulated Planning]] through [[Memorizing]] what has been used and from that information consider possible plans. [[Symmetric Goals]] supports [[Stimulated Planning]] in that it allows players to know what goals other players have (as long as they are not also [[Secret Goals]]) and thereby can make predictions on how those other players want to manipulate the game state.
 Since games that provide players with too much support for planning may cause [[Analysis Paralysis]], and too much [[Downtime]] for other players, [[Stimulated Planning]] may need to be balanced with [[Limited Planning Abilities]] (but see [[Ricochet Robots]] for an exception) or, for [[Multiplayer Games]], making the [[Stimulated Planning]] part of the required [[Negotiation]] in [[Teams]]. This can be through hiding parts of the game state, e.g. through [[Fog of War]] or [[Uncertainty of Information]], or through providing [[Limited Foresight]] to counter [[Predictable Consequences]], e.g. by making the outcome of actions depend on [[Randomness]].
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 [[Strategic Knowledge]],
 [[Strategic Planning]],
 [[Tactical Planning]],
 [[Team Strategy Identification]],

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 [[Extended Actions]], [[Freedom of Choice]],
 [[Game Pauses]],
-[[Game State Overviews]], [[Internal Conflicts]],
+[[Game State Overviews]],
 [[Investments]],
 [[Illusion of Influence]],

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 == Consequences ==
-[[Stimulated Planning]] gives [[Player Defined Goals]] and [[Goal Hierarchies]] since players are required to set up smaller goals that together lead to the intended games state. This provides [[Cognitive Engrossment]] when players perceive they benefit from extensive planning and engage in it. When information is insufficient but can be gained, [[Stimulated Planning]] instead causes [[Player Defined Goals]] to [[Gain Information]], possibly through [[Experimenting]]. It also can give players a sense of [[Empowerment]] in that they can envision how they can effect the gameplay, and being able to efficient plan can be a measure of [[Gameplay Mastery]]. While [[Strategic Knowledge]] can give rise to [[Stimulated Planning]], the encouragement to engaged in planning by other means modulates the [[Strategic Knowledge]] by making it more (or less) likely that it will be used.
+[[Stimulated Planning]] gives [[Player Defined Goals]] and [[Goal Hierarchies]] since players are required to set up smaller goals that together lead to the intended games state, but existing explicit [[Goal Hierarchies]] can in turn easily make players engage in [[Stimulated Planning]]. This provides [[Cognitive Engrossment]] when players perceive they benefit from extensive planning and engage in it. When information is insufficient but can be gained, [[Stimulated Planning]] instead causes [[Player Defined Goals]] to [[Gain Information]], possibly through [[Experimenting]]. It also can give players a sense of [[Empowerment]] in that they can envision how they can effect the gameplay, and being able to efficient plan can be a measure of [[Gameplay Mastery]]. While [[Strategic Knowledge]] can give rise to [[Stimulated Planning]], the encouragement to engaged in planning by other means modulates the [[Strategic Knowledge]] by making it more (or less) likely that it will be used.
 When it may not be possible to see a solution [[Stimulated Planning]] may give rise to [[Analysis Paralysis]] in [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer]] [[Turn-Based Games]]. This may not need to be a problem in [[Single-Player Games]] since the player is occupied, but for [[Multiplayer Games]] this leads to [[Downtime]] for other players and even very short period of planning may give rise to this.

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 The ability to plan how a chain of actions can lead to a wanted game state depend on both how many actions is required and how difficult it is to make a correct assumption of the effects of those actions. However, to do planning at all some time to do the planning is first required, and providing this time can be enforced by the use of [[Downtime]] (e.g. through [[Turn Taking]] or [[Ultra-Powerful Events]]) or [[Lull Periods]]. [[Stimulated Planning]] can also be encouraged on a voluntary basis, e.g. through making [[Single-Player Games]] use [[Turn-Based Games|Turns]] or allow [[Game Pauses]]. [[Real-Time Games]] by their nature act against [[Stimulated Planning]], but may be supported through making [[No-Ops]] safe through [[Game Pauses]] or the presence of [[Safe Havens]].
-Activities that require planning include [[Resource Management]], [[Puzzle Solving]] (e.g. to achieve [[Capture]]), or avoiding [[Traps]] or being in the [[Line of Sight]] of [[Agents]] in order to complete [[Stealth]] goals. Of course, [[Stimulated Planning]] is also required to make [[Stealth]] goals as difficult as possible by those with [[Guard]] goals. Especially [[Resource Management]] can provide a great variety of possible actions that can [[Stimulated Planning|Stimulate Planning]] of how to make use of [[Limited Resources]]: which [[Resources]] and [[Units]] should be created by [[Producers]] or [[Converters]], what [[Investments]] to make, and which [[Resources]] should be saved in [[Containers]]. Further, many sorts of actions promote planning: [[Extended Actions]] may require it as well as provide time to plans what to do next, actions with [[Delayed Effects]] such as [[Development Time]] may require planning to make full use of [[Timing]], having to choose between possible [[Rewards]], and the long-term consequences of [[Irreversible Actions]] may require more planning than other actions. Limits on which actions can be done make them into [[Resources]] and thereby also stimulate planning; examples of ways to do this is [[Action Caps]] such as [[Budgeted Action Points]] but making actions have [[Cooldown]] periods is also possible. Any [[Risk/Reward]] choices or choices that require [[Trade-Offs]] also promote [[Stimulated Planning]]. The number of actions available is one aspect of this so [[Complex Gameplay]] effects [[Stimulated Planning]], typically by making it both more difficulty and more necessary, while [[Limited Set of Actions]] makes it easier without necessarily making it needed. [[Collaboration]] or just coordinating activities into [[Collaborative Actions]] also requires planning, especially with [[Asymmetric Abilities]]. By having [[Mutual Goals]] this may become a necessity, as for example in [[Space Alert]].
+Activities that require planning include [[Resource Management]], [[Puzzle Solving]] (e.g. to achieve [[Capture]]), or avoiding [[Traps]] or being in the [[Line of Sight]] of [[Agents]] in order to complete [[Stealth]] goals. Of course, [[Stimulated Planning]] is also required to make [[Stealth]] goals as difficult as possible by those with [[Guard]] goals. Especially [[Resource Management]] can provide a great variety of possible actions that can [[Stimulated Planning|Stimulate Planning]] of how to make use of [[Limited Resources]]: which [[Resources]] and [[Units]] should be created by [[Producers]] or [[Converters]], what [[Investments]] to make, and which [[Resources]] should be saved in [[Containers]]. Related to this is knowledge of [[Resource Sources]], having this allows players to plan on how and when to try and get [[Resources]] needed for various actions. Further, many sorts of actions promote planning: [[Extended Actions]] may require it as well as provide time to plans what to do next, actions with [[Delayed Effects]] such as [[Development Time]] may require planning to make full use of [[Timing]], having to choose between possible [[Rewards]], and the long-term consequences of [[Irreversible Actions]] may require more planning than other actions. Limits on which actions can be done make them into [[Resources]] and thereby also stimulate planning; examples of ways to do this is [[Action Caps]] such as [[Budgeted Action Points]] but making actions have [[Cooldown]] periods is also possible. Any [[Risk/Reward]] choices or choices that require [[Trade-Offs]] also promote [[Stimulated Planning]]. The number of actions available is one aspect of this so [[Complex Gameplay]] effects [[Stimulated Planning]], typically by making it both more difficulty and more necessary, while [[Limited Set of Actions]] makes it easier without necessarily making it needed. [[Collaboration]] or just coordinating activities into [[Collaborative Actions]] also requires planning, especially with [[Asymmetric Abilities]]. By having [[Mutual Goals]] this may become a necessity, as for example in [[Space Alert]].
 While [[Predictable Consequences]] is required on at least some level for the pattern to be present (since otherwise it is impossible to plan what to do after the first action), various types of [[Internal Conflicts]] can make it a necessity. The presence of [[Enemies]] make the planning of actions more complex because one must consider their actions as well (especially if these are groups with [[Orthogonal Differentiation]]) but also more difficult, or even impossible, because they may limit the amount of time available to plan. [[Stealth]] is an activity where this type of planning is more likely to be necessary than not since often single mistakes can ruin attempts. If the [[Enemies|Enemy]] actions are easily predictable, e.g. the movement of aliens in [[Space Invaders]], this may require more planning in the form of [[Puzzle Solving]] or [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] for some parts of the plan. With more complex behaviors, either by opposing players or sufficiently complex [[Algorithmic Agents]], the [[Enemies]] become [[Agents]] which may cause the planning to become more difficult (one must consider what the [[Agents]] are planning) and may even shift the gameplay towards [[Negotiation]] or [[Social Interaction]]. This can partly be countered by [[Public Information]] or [[Symmetric Information]] about other players' goals and game elements to make it easier to predict them, with the added feature that players know what other players know.  [[Private Game Spaces]] also encourages [[Stimulated Planning]] since that when other players only indirectly, if at all, can effect the player's efforts one's own efforts have more [[Predictable Consequences]]. In general, any gameplay where there is [[Player Unpredictability]] from other players provide motivation for [[Stimulated Planning]] since deducing correctly what other players will do is usually beneficial (an example of this can be found in [[Race for the Galaxy]] where guessing correctly what actions other players will perform can allow oneself to avoid having to chose those actions).
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 [[Pre-Customized Decks]],
 [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
-[[Predictable Consequences]], [[Private Game Spaces]], [[Puzzle Solving]], [[Resource Management]], [[Replayability]], [[Risk/Reward]],
+[[Predictable Consequences]], [[Private Game Spaces]], [[Puzzle Solving]], [[Resource Management]],
 [[Safe Havens]], [[Save-Load Cycles]], [[Scores]],
 [[Startgame]],

@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 == Consequences ==
-[[Stimulated Planning]] gives [[Player Defined Goals]] and [[Goal Hierarchies]] since players are required to set up smaller goals that together lead to the intended games state. This provides [[Cognitive Engrossment]] when players perceive they benefit from extensive planning and engage in it. When information is insufficient but can be gained, [[Stimulated Planning]] instead causes [[Player Defineed Goals]] to [[Gain Information]], possibly through [[Experimenting]]. It also can give players a sense of [[Empowerment]] in that they can envision how they can effect the gameplay, and being able to efficient plan can be a measure of [[Game Mastery]]. While [[Strategic Knowledge]] can give rise to [[Stimulated Planning]], the encouragement to engaged in planning by other means modulates the [[Strategic Knowledge]] by making it more (or less) likely that it will be used.
+[[Stimulated Planning]] gives [[Player Defined Goals]] and [[Goal Hierarchies]] since players are required to set up smaller goals that together lead to the intended games state. This provides [[Cognitive Engrossment]] when players perceive they benefit from extensive planning and engage in it. When information is insufficient but can be gained, [[Stimulated Planning]] instead causes [[Player Defineed Goals]] to [[Gain Information]], possibly through [[Experimenting]]. It also can give players a sense of [[Empowerment]] in that they can envision how they can effect the gameplay, and being able to efficient plan can be a measure of [[Gameplay Mastery]]. While [[Strategic Knowledge]] can give rise to [[Stimulated Planning]], the encouragement to engaged in planning by other means modulates the [[Strategic Knowledge]] by making it more (or less) likely that it will be used.
 When it may not be possible to see a solution [[Stimulated Planning]] may give rise to [[Analysis Paralysis]] in [[Multiplayer Games|Multiplayer]] [[Turn-Based Games]]. This may not need to be a problem in [[Single-Player Games]] since the player is occupied, but for [[Multiplayer Games]] this leads to [[Downtime]] for other players and even very short period of planning may give rise to this.
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 == Relations ==
 === Can Instantiate ===
-[[Attention Swapping]], [[Cognitive Engrossment]], [[Disruption of Focused Attention]], [[Downtime]], [[Experimenting]], [[Extra-Game Actions]], [[Empowerment]], [[Gain Information]], [[Game Mastery]], [[Goal Hierarchies]], [[Negotiation]], [[Player Defined Goals]],
+[[Attention Swapping]], [[Cognitive Engrossment]], [[Disruption of Focused Attention]], [[Downtime]], [[Experimenting]], [[Extra-Game Actions]], [[Empowerment]], [[Gain Information]], [[Gameplay Mastery]], [[Goal Hierarchies]], [[Negotiation]], [[Player Defined Goals]],
 [[Social Interaction]],
 [[Timing]]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 == Using the pattern ==
-Encouraging player to try to figure out how ones actions can cause the game to enter a wanted game state is the essence of [[Stimulated Planning]]. [[Stimulated Planning]] requires that players can have goals that are not immediately possible to try and reach, and that they can know or predict how immediate actions can be combined to get closer to reaching the goal with a level of certainty making the planning seem meaningful. A basic dichotomy can be made between [[Tactical Planning]], planning based on the current game state, and [[Strategic Planning]], planning based upon general assumption of the game system, but many design options can be used for both purposes. The presence of [[Strategic Knowledge]] in any game provide a certain level of [[Stimulated Planning]] since players can consider gameplay regardless of any particular game session. [[Stimulated Planning]] can be encouraged by games having different phases, e.g. [[Startgame]], [[Middlegame]], and [[Endgame]], since this allows players to have better ideas of what actions and goals need to be in focus for their gameplay.
+Encouraging player to try to figure out how ones actions can cause the game to enter a wanted game state is the essence of [[Stimulated Planning]]. [[Stimulated Planning]] requires that players can have goals that are not immediately possible to try and reach, and that they can know or predict how immediate actions can be combined to get closer to reaching the goal with a level of certainty making the planning seem meaningful. A basic dichotomy can be made between [[Tactical Planning]], planning based on the current game state, and [[Strategic Planning]], planning based upon general assumption of the game system, but many design options can be used for both purposes. The presence of [[Strategic Knowledge]] or possibility of [[Team Strategy Identification]] in any game provide a certain level of [[Stimulated Planning]] since players can consider gameplay regardless of any particular game session. [[Stimulated Planning]] can be encouraged by games having different phases, e.g. [[Startgame]], [[Middlegame]], and [[Endgame]], since this allows players to have better ideas of what actions and goals need to be in focus for their gameplay.
 [[Predetermined Story Structures]] is a common tool to provide players with a long-term goal not immediately accessible, but [[Diegetically Outstanding Features]] in [[Game Worlds]] that are either far away or difficult to reach may fill the same purpose. Giving players [[Creative Control]] (e.g. to do create [[Algorithmic Agents]]) encourages players to set up their own [[Player Defined Goals]] but may fail if players are uninspired. [[Freedom of Choice]] does not necessarily need to be present or extensive, e.g. [[No Thanks!]] provides only two actions while still having [[Stimulated Planning]]) but unless it exists the planning is limited to either performing an action or not (which is another way to explain the gameplay in [[No Thanks!]]), and the same applies to [[Illusion of Influence]].
@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 [[Strategic Planning]],
 [[Tactical Planning]],
 [[Trade-Offs]],
 [[Traps]],