Storytelling - Revision history

Staffan Björk: /* Consequences */

2017-03-21T15:17:07Z

‎Consequences

Staffan Björk: /* Can Instantiate */

2017-03-21T15:16:07Z

‎Can Instantiate

Staffan Björk at 08:36, 30 July 2016

2016-07-30T08:36:01Z

Staffan Björk at 08:29, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T08:29:22Z

Staffan Björk at 08:08, 8 August 2015

2015-08-08T08:08:51Z

Staffan Björk at 13:03, 2 January 2015

2015-01-02T13:03:45Z

Staffan Björk: /* Examples */

2014-09-06T08:18:03Z

‎Examples

Staffan Björk at 09:01, 4 September 2014

2014-09-04T09:01:29Z

Staffan Björk at 10:32, 16 July 2014

2014-07-16T10:32:35Z

Staffan Björk: /* References */

2014-07-15T07:00:08Z

‎References

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 == Consequences ==
-[[Storytelling]] either provides or creates [[Narration Structures]] in a game. When [[Storytelling]] is performed by humans, it is a form of [[Social Interaction]] that often gives [[Emotional Engrossment]], and being able to tell stories well can give [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] and can even be considered part of [[Gameplay Mastery]] in games such as [[Once Upon a Time]] and [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]. [[Storytelling]] can give players [[Creative Control]] and [[Freedom of Choice]], and in games with [[Game Masters]], these stories can become part of [[Player Constructed Worlds]] by being [[Player Decided Results]]. In [[Persistent Game Worlds]], the stories can have further influence by being part of the development of [[Never Ending Stories]].
+[[Storytelling]] either provides or creates [[Narration Structures]] in a game. When [[Storytelling]] is performed by humans, it is a form of [[Social Interaction]] that often gives [[Emotional Engrossment]], and being able to tell stories well can give [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] and can even be considered part of [[Gameplay Mastery]] in games such as [[Once Upon a Time]] and [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]. [[Storytelling]] can give players [[Creative Control]] and [[Freedom of Choice]], and in games with [[Game Masters]], these stories can become part of [[Player Constructed Worlds]] by being [[Player Decided Results]]. In [[Persistent Game Worlds]], the stories can have further influence by being part of the development of [[Never Ending Stories]]. This being said, [[Storytelling]] can be viewed as [[Extra-Game Actions]] when they do not directly influence gameplay, or when only parts of them include making decisions about issues that affect the game state.
 Besides being able to present and thereby create [[Game Worlds]], [[Storytelling]] can be used to frame all actions and events in these [[Game Worlds]] within the [[Thematic Consistency]] of an [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]], and can visualize [[Game Worlds]] and their histories. This often includes [[Game Element Insertion]] of some types, and when players or human [[Game Masters]] do this it often a form of [[Player Created Game Elements]]. Of course, when the storytellers have [[Creative Control]] they may also ruin the [[Thematic Consistency]] by introducing unfitting objects or events or by making [[Characters]] do actions that does not fit their personality or competences. While [[Cutscenes]] in themselves tell stories, [[Storytelling]] done by [[Game Masters]] or players in [[Self-Facilitated Games]] where one cannot interrupt each other creates [[Cutscenes]]. Being a storyteller can be a role players have, and successfully performing this can provide a sense of [[Role Fulfillment]]. It can also to a lesser degree be used to fulfill the role of a [[Characters|Character]] one has adopted (this form of [[Role Fulfillment]] is more easily done through [[Enactment]] or [[Roleplaying]]).

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 [[Creative Control]],
 [[Emotional Engrossment]],
 [[Extra-Game Information]],
 [[Freedom of Choice]],

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 On the most fundamental level, [[Storytelling]] in games requires [[Agents]] that perform actions as well as places and objects that they can interact with. [[Characters]], and especially [[Player Characters]], is a natural starting point for [[Agents]] since they allow players a focus for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Conflicts]] between [[Agents]] is a classic way of motivating them as well as inviting for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Scenes]] can be used to place the [[Agents]] in interesting situations, and may themselves provide stories through [[Environmental Storytelling]]. [[Construction]] can be used to create [[Environmental Storytelling]] as part of gameplay, and may then include [[Game Element Insertion]] as part of the [[Storytelling]]. [[Voiceovers]] is an approach to [[Storytelling]] games have adopted from movies, but this may work against [[Diegetic Consistency]]. [[Cutscenes]] is more or less short movies inside a game and can effectively do [[Storytelling]] but removes agency from players and needs to fit seamlessly with what has happened just before them to not break [[Diegetic Consistency]].
-A main option regarding [[Storytelling]] is if the actual story to be told should be created before gameplay begins, i.e. providing the game with [[Predetermined Story Structures]], or letting the [[Storytelling]] adapt to the gameplay or even drive it. [[Storytelling]] in games can be done both by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] and by [[Entitled Players]]. The stories told do not have to be part of the [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]] of a [[Game Worlds|Game World]] but can be in several different ways. First, they can be explanations of the history and current state of the [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]] of the [[Game Worlds|Game World]] and this is the typical way [[Storytelling]] is done by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] to advance the [[Narration Structures]]. Second, the stories can be part of [[Roleplaying]], either providing backstories for [[Characters]] or the retelling of previous gameplay within a [[Thematic Consistency]]. Providing back stories for [[Characters]] is an area where players usually are allowed [[Creative Control]] regarding [[Storytelling]], even in games with tightly restricted [[Narration Structures]]. Third, the stories can be part of creating and expanding the [[Narration Structures]] rather than unfolding an existing structure, although this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]].
+A main option regarding [[Storytelling]] is if the actual story to be told should be created before gameplay begins, i.e. providing the game with [[Predetermined Story Structures]] and [[Ultra-Powerful Events]], or letting the [[Storytelling]] adapt to the gameplay or even drive it. [[Storytelling]] in games can be done both by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] and by [[Entitled Players]]. The stories told do not have to be part of the [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]] of a [[Game Worlds|Game World]] but can be in several different ways. First, they can be explanations of the history and current state of the [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]] of the [[Game Worlds|Game World]] and this is the typical way [[Storytelling]] is done by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] to advance the [[Narration Structures]]. Second, the stories can be part of [[Roleplaying]], either providing backstories for [[Characters]] or the retelling of previous gameplay within a [[Thematic Consistency]]. Providing back stories for [[Characters]] is an area where players usually are allowed [[Creative Control]] regarding [[Storytelling]], even in games with tightly restricted [[Narration Structures]]. Third, the stories can be part of creating and expanding the [[Narration Structures]] rather than unfolding an existing structure, although this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]].
 === Diegetic Aspects ===
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 [[Player Decided Results]],
 [[Playing to Lose]],
-[[Scenes]]
+[[Scenes]],
 === Possible Closure Effects ===

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 == Using the pattern ==
-On the most fundamental level, [[Storytelling]] in games requires [[Agents]] that perform actions as well as places and objects that they can interact with. [[Characters]], and especially [[Player Characters]], is a natural starting point for [[Agents]] since they allow players a focus for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Conflict]] between [[Agents]] is a classic way of motivating them as well as inviting for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Scenes]] can be used to place the [[Agents]] in interesting situations, and may themselves provide stories through [[Environmental Storytelling]]. [[Construction]] can be used to create [[Environmental Storytelling]] as part of gameplay, and may then include [[Game Element Insertion]] as part of the [[Storytelling]]. [[Voiceovers]] is an approach to [[Storytelling]] games have adopted from movies, but this may work against [[Diegetic Consistency]]. [[Cutscenes]] is more or less short movies inside a game and can effectively do [[Storytelling]] but removes agency from players and needs to fit seamlessly with what has happened just before them to not break [[Diegetic Consistency]].
+On the most fundamental level, [[Storytelling]] in games requires [[Agents]] that perform actions as well as places and objects that they can interact with. [[Characters]], and especially [[Player Characters]], is a natural starting point for [[Agents]] since they allow players a focus for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Conflicts]] between [[Agents]] is a classic way of motivating them as well as inviting for [[Emotional Engrossment]]. [[Scenes]] can be used to place the [[Agents]] in interesting situations, and may themselves provide stories through [[Environmental Storytelling]]. [[Construction]] can be used to create [[Environmental Storytelling]] as part of gameplay, and may then include [[Game Element Insertion]] as part of the [[Storytelling]]. [[Voiceovers]] is an approach to [[Storytelling]] games have adopted from movies, but this may work against [[Diegetic Consistency]]. [[Cutscenes]] is more or less short movies inside a game and can effectively do [[Storytelling]] but removes agency from players and needs to fit seamlessly with what has happened just before them to not break [[Diegetic Consistency]].
 A main option regarding [[Storytelling]] is if the actual story to be told should be created before gameplay begins, i.e. providing the game with [[Predetermined Story Structures]], or letting the [[Storytelling]] adapt to the gameplay or even drive it. [[Storytelling]] in games can be done both by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] and by [[Entitled Players]]. The stories told do not have to be part of the [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]] of a [[Game Worlds|Game World]] but can be in several different ways. First, they can be explanations of the history and current state of the [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]] of the [[Game Worlds|Game World]] and this is the typical way [[Storytelling]] is done by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] to advance the [[Narration Structures]]. Second, the stories can be part of [[Roleplaying]], either providing backstories for [[Characters]] or the retelling of previous gameplay within a [[Thematic Consistency]]. Providing back stories for [[Characters]] is an area where players usually are allowed [[Creative Control]] regarding [[Storytelling]], even in games with tightly restricted [[Narration Structures]]. Third, the stories can be part of creating and expanding the [[Narration Structures]] rather than unfolding an existing structure, although this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]].

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 == Consequences ==
-[[Storytelling]] either provides or creates [[Narration Structures]] in a game. When [[Storytelling]] is performed by humans, it is a form of [[Social Interaction]] that often gives [[Emotional Engrossment]], and being able to tell stories well can give [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] and can even be considered part of [[Game Mastery]] in games such as [[Once Upon a Time]] and [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]. [[Storytelling]] can give players [[Creative Control]] and [[Freedom of Choice]], and in games with [[Game Masters]], these stories can become part of [[Player Constructed Worlds]] by being [[Player Decided Results]]. In [[Persistent Game Worlds]], the stories can have further influence by being part of the development of [[Never Ending Stories]].
+[[Storytelling]] either provides or creates [[Narration Structures]] in a game. When [[Storytelling]] is performed by humans, it is a form of [[Social Interaction]] that often gives [[Emotional Engrossment]], and being able to tell stories well can give [[Game-Based Social Statuses]] and can even be considered part of [[Gameplay Mastery]] in games such as [[Once Upon a Time]] and [[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]]. [[Storytelling]] can give players [[Creative Control]] and [[Freedom of Choice]], and in games with [[Game Masters]], these stories can become part of [[Player Constructed Worlds]] by being [[Player Decided Results]]. In [[Persistent Game Worlds]], the stories can have further influence by being part of the development of [[Never Ending Stories]].
 Besides being able to present and thereby create [[Game Worlds]], [[Storytelling]] can be used to frame all actions and events in these [[Game Worlds]] within the [[Thematic Consistency]] of an [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]], and can visualize [[Game Worlds]] and their histories. This often includes [[Game Element Insertion]] of some types, and when players or human [[Game Masters]] do this it often a form of [[Player Created Game Elements]]. Of course, when the storytellers have [[Creative Control]] they may also ruin the [[Thematic Consistency]] by introducing unfitting objects or events or by making [[Characters]] do actions that does not fit their personality or competences. While [[Cutscenes]] in themselves tell stories, [[Storytelling]] done by [[Game Masters]] or players in [[Self-Facilitated Games]] where one cannot interrupt each other creates [[Cutscenes]]. Being a storyteller can be a role players have, and successfully performing this can provide a sense of [[Role Fulfillment]]. It can also to a lesser degree be used to fulfill the role of a [[Characters|Character]] one has adopted (this form of [[Role Fulfillment]] is more easily done through [[Enactment]] or [[Roleplaying]]).
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 [[Freedom of Choice]],
 [[Game Element Insertion]],
 [[Game Worlds]],
 [[Game-Based Social Statuses]],
 [[Narration Structures]],
 [[Never Ending Stories]],

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 Note: ''this pattern does not discuss the quality of [[Storytelling]] in a game, only how it relates to gameplay and game elements.''
 === Examples ===
@@ Line 22: / Line 24: @@
 A main option regarding [[Storytelling]] is if the actual story to be told should be created before gameplay begins, i.e. providing the game with [[Predetermined Story Structures]], or letting the [[Storytelling]] adapt to the gameplay or even drive it. [[Storytelling]] in games can be done both by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] and by [[Entitled Players]]. The stories told do not have to be part of the [[Narration Structures|Narration Structure]] of a [[Game Worlds|Game World]] but can be in several different ways. First, they can be explanations of the history and current state of the [[Alternative Realities|Alternative Reality]] of the [[Game Worlds|Game World]] and this is the typical way [[Storytelling]] is done by [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] to advance the [[Narration Structures]]. Second, the stories can be part of [[Roleplaying]], either providing backstories for [[Characters]] or the retelling of previous gameplay within a [[Thematic Consistency]]. Providing back stories for [[Characters]] is an area where players usually are allowed [[Creative Control]] regarding [[Storytelling]], even in games with tightly restricted [[Narration Structures]]. Third, the stories can be part of creating and expanding the [[Narration Structures]] rather than unfolding an existing structure, although this requires [[Game Masters]] or [[Self-Facilitated Games]].
 === Diegetic Aspects ===
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 [[Storytelling]] and [[Roleplaying]] can instantiate each other. [[Roleplaying]] through [[Enactment]] gives rise to [[Storytelling]] since here players create a story by what their [[Characters]] do. In contrast, describing what their [[Characters]] do is [[Storytelling]] but since this also describes their actions, and sometimes intentions, it create [[Roleplaying]] as a consequence. [[Playing to Lose]] is a way of encouraging players to influence both [[Roleplaying]] and [[Storytelling]] so their [[Characters]] have a bad but interesting story arc.
 == Relations ==
@@ Line 54: / Line 52: @@
 [[Creative Control]],
 [[Emotional Engrossment]],
 [[Extra-Game Information]],
 [[Freedom of Choice]],
@@ Line 68: / Line 65: @@
 [[Social Interaction]],
 [[Strategic Knowledge]],
-[[Thematic Consistency]],
+[[Thematic Consistency]]
-[[Trans-Game Information]]
 ==== with [[Characters]] ====
@@ Line 89: / Line 85: @@
 === Can Be Instantiated By ===
 [[Agents]],
 [[Characters]],
 [[Construction]],
@@ Line 97: / Line 92: @@
 [[Emotional Attachment]],
 [[Environmental Storytelling]],
 [[Game Masters]],
 [[Non-Player Help]],
@@ Line 103: / Line 97: @@
 [[Predetermined Story Structures]],
 [[Self-Facilitated Games]],
 [[Voiceovers]]
@@ Line 130: / Line 123: @@
 <references>
 <ref name="Bjork & Holopainen 2004">Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) ''Patterns in Game Design''. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.</ref>
 </references>
 == Acknowledgements ==
+-

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 === Examples ===
-[[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]] do all have [[Storytelling]] as a part of them. However, while early [[:Category:Tabletop Roleplaying Games|Tabletop Roleplaying Games]] such as [[Dungeons & Dragons]] and [[Call of Cthulhu]] supported this later games such as [[ Vampire: The Masquerade]] and [[Universalis]] focused upon it. [[Once Upon a Time]] is a card game sharing many characteristics of [[Storytelling]] with [[:Category:Tabletop Roleplaying Games|Tabletop Roleplaying Games]] but by having removed the presence of player characters no longer is one. [[:Category:Live Action Roleplaying Games|Live Action Roleplaying Games]] such as [[1942 – Noen å stole på]] and [[Monitor Celestra]] have certain parts of the [[Storytelling]] pre-planned by game masters but rely heavily on players to bring the [[Storytelling]] to its full potential. Some [[:Category:Computer-based Roleplaying Games|Computer-based Roleplaying Games]], e.g. the [[Dragon Age series|Dragon Age]] and the [[Witcher series]], makes use of cutscenes to do part of their [[Storytelling]] while others, e.g. [[The Elder Scrolls series|The Elder Scrolls]] and the [[Fallout series]], tell their stories as part of gameplay only (with the exception of cutscenes that function as epilogues).
+[[:Category:Roleplaying Games|Roleplaying Games]] do all have [[Storytelling]] as a part of them. However, while early [[:Category:Tabletop Roleplaying Games|Tabletop Roleplaying Games]] such as [[Dungeons & Dragons]] and [[Call of Cthulhu]] supported this later games such as [[Vampire: The Masquerade]] and [[Universalis]] focused upon it (the former of these describes itself as a storytelling game rather than a roleplaying game). [[Once Upon a Time]] is a card game sharing many characteristics of [[Storytelling]] with [[:Category:Tabletop Roleplaying Games|Tabletop Roleplaying Games]] but by having removed the presence of player characters no longer is one. [[:Category:Live Action Roleplaying Games|Live Action Roleplaying Games]] such as [[1942 – Noen å stole på]] and [[Monitor Celestra]] have certain parts of the [[Storytelling]] pre-planned by game masters but rely heavily on players to bring the [[Storytelling]] to its full potential. Some [[:Category:Computer-based Roleplaying Games|Computer-based Roleplaying Games]], e.g. the [[Dragon Age series|Dragon Age]] and the [[Witcher series]], makes use of cutscenes to do part of their [[Storytelling]] while others, e.g. [[The Elder Scrolls series|The Elder Scrolls]] and the [[Fallout series]], tell their stories as part of gameplay only (with the exception of cutscenes that function as epilogues).
 [[Sleep is Death]] is a mediated two-player [[:Category:Computer Games|Computer Game]] where one of the players takes the role of a game master that tells a story to the other player.

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 [[Storytelling]] can be used to focus players' interests on specific aspects of gameplay and the [[Game Worlds|Game World]]. This can be used to create an [[Illusion of Open Space]] in a game even when the gameplay area in limited.
-[[Storytelling]] and [[Roleplaying]] can instantiate each other. [[Roleplaying]] through [[Enactment]] gives rise to [[Storytelling]] since here players create a story by what their [[Characters]] do. In contrast, describing what their [[Characters]] do is [[Storytelling]] but since this also describes their actions, and sometimes intentions, it create [[Roleplaying]] as a consequence.
+[[Storytelling]] and [[Roleplaying]] can instantiate each other. [[Roleplaying]] through [[Enactment]] gives rise to [[Storytelling]] since here players create a story by what their [[Characters]] do. In contrast, describing what their [[Characters]] do is [[Storytelling]] but since this also describes their actions, and sometimes intentions, it create [[Roleplaying]] as a consequence. [[Playing to Lose]] is a way of encouraging players to influence both [[Roleplaying]] and [[Storytelling]] so their [[Characters]] have a bad but interesting story arc.
 The [[Storytelling]] that comes out of the [[Extra-Game Actions]] players do to retell their gameplay is an [[Extra-Game Consequences|Extra-Game Consequence]].
@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 [[Interruptible Actions]],
 [[Player Decided Results]],
 [[Scenes]]