Difference between revisions of "Power-Ups"

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[[Category:Game Element Patterns]]
 
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[[Category:Needs work]]
 
[[Category:Needs revision]]
 
[[Category:Needs revision]]
 
[[Category:Needs references]]
 
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''Game elements that provide instant benefits or advantages when collected.''
 
''Game elements that provide instant benefits or advantages when collected.''
  
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Other [[Power-Ups]] are effectively ways to replenish resources, or affecting the amount of resources one can have. ''Heart'' [[Power-Ups]] in [[The Legend of Zelda series]] heal one health each, ''1-Up mushrooms'' in the [[Super Mario series]] give extra lives, and ammunition cartridges and boxes found in the [[Doom series|Doom]] and [[Half-Life series]] provide extra rounds for weapons. In contrast, the ''super mushrooms'' in the [[Super Mario series]] and the ''heart containers'' in [[The Legend of Zelda series]] increase the total health by one.
 
Other [[Power-Ups]] are effectively ways to replenish resources, or affecting the amount of resources one can have. ''Heart'' [[Power-Ups]] in [[The Legend of Zelda series]] heal one health each, ''1-Up mushrooms'' in the [[Super Mario series]] give extra lives, and ammunition cartridges and boxes found in the [[Doom series|Doom]] and [[Half-Life series]] provide extra rounds for weapons. In contrast, the ''super mushrooms'' in the [[Super Mario series]] and the ''heart containers'' in [[The Legend of Zelda series]] increase the total health by one.
While scores
 
  
 
The experience points and money given as rewards in [[Ravenwood Fair]] and [[Zombie Lane]] are ''optional'' [[Power-Ups]] in that they function like these but if they are not picked up after a certain amount of time the game picks them up for the players.
 
The experience points and money given as rewards in [[Ravenwood Fair]] and [[Zombie Lane]] are ''optional'' [[Power-Ups]] in that they function like these but if they are not picked up after a certain amount of time the game picks them up for the players.
  
 
== Using the pattern ==
 
== Using the pattern ==
Designing [[Power-Ups]] need to consider some of the aspects of designing [[Game Items]], e.g. their locations, but not how they are used since their only use it to be picked up and for this reason one should also considered the options concerning [[Pick-Ups]]. However, one aspect where they usually differ from other [[Game Items]] is that they may be spawn semi-regular in game areas as [[Environmental Effects]]. When not tied into the game's diegesis, [[Power-Ups]] become more like [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] than [[Game Items]] and can be instantiated as special cases of these instead. Regardless of how they are created, there are two main category of [[Power-Ups]]: those that provide temporary powers and those that replenish [[Resources]] (although those providing increases in a player's [[Score]] might be seen as its own specific category instead of a case of affecting a [[Resources|Resource]]).
+
Designing [[Power-Ups]] need to consider some of the aspects of designing [[Game Items]], e.g. their locations, but not how they are used since their only use it to be picked up and for this reason one should also considered the options concerning [[Pick-Ups]]. However, one aspect where they usually differ from other [[Game Items]] is that they may be spawn semi-regular in game areas as [[Environmental Effects]]. When not tied into the game's diegesis, [[Power-Ups]] become more like [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] than [[Game Items]] and can be instantiated as special cases of these instead. Regardless of how they are created, there are two main category of [[Power-Ups]]: those that provide temporary powers and those that replenish [[Resources]] (although those providing increases in a player's [[Scores|Score]] might be seen as its own specific category instead of a case of affecting a [[Resources|Resource]]).
  
Making [[Power-Ups]] give temporary powers basically consists of combining [[Time Limits]] with [[New Abilities|New]] or [[Improved Abilities]]. An alternative is to provide a very limited amount of uses of [[New Abilities]], e.g. presented as a few rockets, bananas, or other items that enable the actions, which makes the uses into a [[Limited Resources|Limited Resource]]. The use of these types of [[Power-Ups]] may cause problems with [[Player Balance]] since they typically give players advantages without matching disadvantages. However, [[Randomness]] can be used to make players not know what effect a particular [[Power-Ups]] has and this can instead be used, as for example it is in the [[Super Monkey Ball series|Super Monkey Ball]] and [[Mario Kart series]], as a way of achieving [[Player Balance]] by giving trailing players better [[Power-Ups]]. [[Power-Ups]] providing abilities can also open up for a specific type of [[Traps]] - those appearing similar to [[Power-Ups]] but having [[Penalties]] associated with picking them up (the ''Fake Item Boxes'' in the [[Mario Kart series]] are examples of this).
+
Common [[Resources]] to increase through [[Power-Ups|Power-Up]] pick-ups include [[Ammunition]], [[Armor]], [[Lives]] and [[Scores|Score]]. When applied to [[Abilities]] instead, [[Power-Ups]] commonly provide [[Temporary Abilities]] regardless of if these are [[New Abilities|New]] or [[Improved Abilities]]. This can most obviously be done through [[Time Limits]] but an alternative is to provide a very limited amount of uses of the [[Abilities]], e.g. presented as a few rockets, bananas, or other items that enable the actions, which makes the uses into a [[Limited Resources|Limited Resource]]. The use of these types of [[Power-Ups]] may cause problems with [[Player Balance]] since they typically give players advantages without matching disadvantages. However, [[Randomness]] can be used to make players not know what effect a particular [[Power-Ups]] has and this can instead be used, as for example it is in the [[Super Monkey Ball series|Super Monkey Ball]] and [[Mario Kart series]], as a way of achieving [[Player Balance]] by masking [[Balancing Effects]] that giving trailing players better [[Power-Ups]]. [[Power-Ups]] providing abilities can also open up for a specific type of [[Traps]] - those appearing similar to [[Power-Ups]] but having [[Penalties]] associated with picking them up (the ''Fake Item Boxes'' in the [[Mario Kart series]] are examples of this).
 
+
Common [[Resources]] to increase through [[Power-Ups|Power-Up]] pick-ups include [[Ammunition]], [[Armor]], [[Lives]] and [[Score]].
+
  
 
=== Diegetic Aspects ===
 
=== Diegetic Aspects ===
Given that [[Power-Ups]] disappear as soon as touched, they are difficult to combine with [[Diegetically Tangible Game Items]]. Since they have some little present in this sense in [[Game Worlds]], [[Power-Ups]] can break [[Diegetic Consistency]] due to the immateriality of them compared to other [[Game Items]], [[Landmark]], etc. Further, [[Power-Ups]] are quite often indicated by [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] if they are not already themselves [[Geospatial Game Widgets]], and this further makes [[Diegetic Consistency]] difficult. It is also quite common to add [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] to [[Avatars]] that have received a [[New Abilities|New]] or [[Improved Abilities]] from a [[Power-Ups]], as is for example done when taking the ''quad damage'' in the [[Quake series]].
+
Given that [[Power-Ups]] disappear as soon as touched, they are difficult to combine with [[Diegetically Tangible Game Items]]. Since they have some little present in this sense in [[Game Worlds]], [[Power-Ups]] can break [[Thematic Consistency]] due to the immateriality of them compared to other [[Game Items]], [[Landmarks]], etc. Further, [[Power-Ups]] are quite often indicated by [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] if they are not already themselves [[Geospatial Game Widgets]], and this further makes [[Diegetic Consistency]] difficult. It is also quite common to add [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] to [[Avatars]] that have received a [[New Abilities|New]] or [[Improved Abilities]] from a [[Power-Ups]], as is for example done when taking the ''quad damage'' in the [[Quake series]].
  
 
== Consequences ==
 
== Consequences ==
[[Power-Ups]] are either created from [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] or are weak forms of [[Game Items]], i.e. [[Pick-Ups]] that cease to exist when taken and thereby instantiate [[Game Element Removal]]. They give players [[Ephemeral Goals]] of [[Collecting]] when they appear; knowing their location and when they are produced allows players to locate [[Strategic Locations]] and have [[Strategic Knowledge]]. When several players have this getting to the [[Power-Ups]] first can create [[Races]].
+
[[Power-Ups]] are either created from [[Geospatial Game Widgets]] or are weak forms of [[Game Items]], i.e. [[Pick-Ups]] that cease to exist when taken and thereby instantiate [[Game Element Removal]]. They give players [[Ephemeral Goals]] of [[Collecting]] when they appear; while they themselves are not [[Strategic Locations]], the [[Resource Locations]] containing them are as is the location of [[Resource Generators]] that create them.
  
Even if [[Power-Ups]] make games have [[Game Element Removal]], they often also make them have [[Game Element Insertion]] since it is quite common to replenish them semi-regularly; examples of this can be found in the [[Mario Kart series]], [[Pac-Man]], and death match modes of the [[Quake series]].
+
Even if [[Power-Ups]] make games have [[Game Element Removal]], more [[Power-Ups]] are often introduced during gameplay through [[Game Element Insertion]] since it is quite common to replenish them semi-regularly; examples of this can be found in the [[Mario Kart series]], [[Pac-Man]], and death match modes of the [[Quake series]].
  
The [[Power-Ups]] that have [[Time Limits]] can increase [[Tension]] if the usefulness of the [[Power-Ups]] depend on the success of other goals; Using the ''quad damage'' [[Power-Ups]] efficiently in the [[Quake series]], for example, depends on locating and hitting enemies first. [[Power-Ups]] that provide [[New Abilities]] can for quite natural reasons give rise to [[Gain Ability]] goals, and since only one or a few players can typically benefit from these [[New Abilities]] they also tend to be [[Privileged Abilities]].
+
[[Power-Ups]] often provide [[Temporary Abilities]], and when this is done through [[Time Limits]] it can increase [[Tension]] if the usefulness of the [[Power-Ups]] depend on the success of other goals; Using the ''quad damage'' [[Power-Ups]] efficiently in the [[Quake series]], for example, depends on locating and hitting enemies first. [[Power-Ups]] can for quite natural reasons give rise to [[Gain Competence]] goals, and since only one or a few players can typically benefit from these [[New Abilities]] they also tend to be [[Privileged Abilities]]. When [[Power-Ups]] provide [[Improved Abilities]] that are not static bonuses but active support in execution of those abilities, this can often be seen as [[Player/System Action Composites]].
 +
 
 +
While knowing where [[Power-Ups]] are can promote [[Strategic Planning]] via [[Strategic Knowledge]], knowing when to take [[Power-Ups]] or when to move to places where they are likely to appear are results of [[Tactical Planning]] which [[Power-Ups]] commonly instantiate.
  
 
== Relations ==
 
== Relations ==
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[[Collecting]],  
 
[[Collecting]],  
 
[[Ephemeral Goals]],  
 
[[Ephemeral Goals]],  
[[Game Element Insertion]],  
+
[[Gain Competence]],  
 
[[Game Element Removal]],  
 
[[Game Element Removal]],  
 
[[Game Items]],  
 
[[Game Items]],  
 +
[[Improved Abilities]],
 
[[Pick-Ups]],  
 
[[Pick-Ups]],  
[[Races]],  
+
[[Privileged Abilities]],  
[[Strategic Knowledge]],  
+
[[Tactical Planning]],  
[[Strategic Locations]]  
+
[[Temporary Abilities]]
  
==== with [[New Abilities]] ====
+
==== with [[Improved Abilities]] ====
[[Gain Ability]],
+
[[Player/System Action Composites]]
[[Privileged Abilities]]
+
  
 
==== with [[Randomness]] ====
 
==== with [[Randomness]] ====
 +
[[Balancing Effects]],
 
[[Player Balance]]
 
[[Player Balance]]
  
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=== Can Modulate ===
 
=== Can Modulate ===
-
+
[[Abilities]]
  
 
=== Can Be Instantiated By ===
 
=== Can Be Instantiated By ===
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=== Can Be Modulated By ===
 
=== Can Be Modulated By ===
 
[[Environmental Effects]],  
 
[[Environmental Effects]],  
 +
[[Game Element Insertion]],
 
[[Geospatial Game Widgets]],
 
[[Geospatial Game Widgets]],
 
[[Improved Abilities]],  
 
[[Improved Abilities]],  
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[[New Abilities]],  
 
[[New Abilities]],  
 
[[Randomness]],  
 
[[Randomness]],  
 +
[[Resource Generators]],
 
[[Time Limits]],  
 
[[Time Limits]],  
 
[[Traps]]
 
[[Traps]]
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[[Diegetic Consistency]],  
 
[[Diegetic Consistency]],  
 
[[Diegetically Tangible Game Items]],  
 
[[Diegetically Tangible Game Items]],  
[[Player Balance]]
+
[[Player Balance]],
 +
[[Thematic Consistency]]
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==

Latest revision as of 20:41, 5 July 2015

Game elements that provide instant benefits or advantages when collected.

Many games contain Power-Ups - game items in the game worlds which as soon as players move avatars in direct proximity to them disappear and provide some benefit. The benefit is typically a new or improved ability for a certain amount of time, a couple of special attacks, or replenishing some resource.

See also the Wikipedia entry for Power-Ups[1]

Examples

Many Power-Ups give temporary benefits when picked up. The power pills in Pac-Man allows players to hunt ghosts for a limited amount of time, The fire flower in the Super Mario series allow Mario to shot fireballs until damaged, and the quad damage Power-Ups in the Quake series quadruples the damage caused by the players' weapons for a limited amount of time. Ammunition found in the Quake games, and also in the Half-Life series, are another form of Power-Ups. The Mario Kart series allows players that have received the Fake Item Box Power-Ups to drop traps that will roll opponents not noticing the slight differences between these and the other Power-Ups in the game.

Other Power-Ups are effectively ways to replenish resources, or affecting the amount of resources one can have. Heart Power-Ups in The Legend of Zelda series heal one health each, 1-Up mushrooms in the Super Mario series give extra lives, and ammunition cartridges and boxes found in the Doom and Half-Life series provide extra rounds for weapons. In contrast, the super mushrooms in the Super Mario series and the heart containers in The Legend of Zelda series increase the total health by one.

The experience points and money given as rewards in Ravenwood Fair and Zombie Lane are optional Power-Ups in that they function like these but if they are not picked up after a certain amount of time the game picks them up for the players.

Using the pattern

Designing Power-Ups need to consider some of the aspects of designing Game Items, e.g. their locations, but not how they are used since their only use it to be picked up and for this reason one should also considered the options concerning Pick-Ups. However, one aspect where they usually differ from other Game Items is that they may be spawn semi-regular in game areas as Environmental Effects. When not tied into the game's diegesis, Power-Ups become more like Geospatial Game Widgets than Game Items and can be instantiated as special cases of these instead. Regardless of how they are created, there are two main category of Power-Ups: those that provide temporary powers and those that replenish Resources (although those providing increases in a player's Score might be seen as its own specific category instead of a case of affecting a Resource).

Common Resources to increase through Power-Up pick-ups include Ammunition, Armor, Lives and Score. When applied to Abilities instead, Power-Ups commonly provide Temporary Abilities regardless of if these are New or Improved Abilities. This can most obviously be done through Time Limits but an alternative is to provide a very limited amount of uses of the Abilities, e.g. presented as a few rockets, bananas, or other items that enable the actions, which makes the uses into a Limited Resource. The use of these types of Power-Ups may cause problems with Player Balance since they typically give players advantages without matching disadvantages. However, Randomness can be used to make players not know what effect a particular Power-Ups has and this can instead be used, as for example it is in the Super Monkey Ball and Mario Kart series, as a way of achieving Player Balance by masking Balancing Effects that giving trailing players better Power-Ups. Power-Ups providing abilities can also open up for a specific type of Traps - those appearing similar to Power-Ups but having Penalties associated with picking them up (the Fake Item Boxes in the Mario Kart series are examples of this).

Diegetic Aspects

Given that Power-Ups disappear as soon as touched, they are difficult to combine with Diegetically Tangible Game Items. Since they have some little present in this sense in Game Worlds, Power-Ups can break Thematic Consistency due to the immateriality of them compared to other Game Items, Landmarks, etc. Further, Power-Ups are quite often indicated by Geospatial Game Widgets if they are not already themselves Geospatial Game Widgets, and this further makes Diegetic Consistency difficult. It is also quite common to add Geospatial Game Widgets to Avatars that have received a New or Improved Abilities from a Power-Ups, as is for example done when taking the quad damage in the Quake series.

Consequences

Power-Ups are either created from Geospatial Game Widgets or are weak forms of Game Items, i.e. Pick-Ups that cease to exist when taken and thereby instantiate Game Element Removal. They give players Ephemeral Goals of Collecting when they appear; while they themselves are not Strategic Locations, the Resource Locations containing them are as is the location of Resource Generators that create them.

Even if Power-Ups make games have Game Element Removal, more Power-Ups are often introduced during gameplay through Game Element Insertion since it is quite common to replenish them semi-regularly; examples of this can be found in the Mario Kart series, Pac-Man, and death match modes of the Quake series.

Power-Ups often provide Temporary Abilities, and when this is done through Time Limits it can increase Tension if the usefulness of the Power-Ups depend on the success of other goals; Using the quad damage Power-Ups efficiently in the Quake series, for example, depends on locating and hitting enemies first. Power-Ups can for quite natural reasons give rise to Gain Competence goals, and since only one or a few players can typically benefit from these New Abilities they also tend to be Privileged Abilities. When Power-Ups provide Improved Abilities that are not static bonuses but active support in execution of those abilities, this can often be seen as Player/System Action Composites.

While knowing where Power-Ups are can promote Strategic Planning via Strategic Knowledge, knowing when to take Power-Ups or when to move to places where they are likely to appear are results of Tactical Planning which Power-Ups commonly instantiate.

Relations

Can Instantiate

Collecting, Ephemeral Goals, Gain Competence, Game Element Removal, Game Items, Improved Abilities, Pick-Ups, Privileged Abilities, Tactical Planning, Temporary Abilities

with Improved Abilities

Player/System Action Composites

with Randomness

Balancing Effects, Player Balance

with Time Limits

Tension

Can Modulate

Abilities

Can Be Instantiated By

Geospatial Game Widgets

Can Be Modulated By

Environmental Effects, Game Element Insertion, Geospatial Game Widgets, Improved Abilities, Limited Resources, New Abilities, Randomness, Resource Generators, Time Limits, Traps

Possible Closure Effects

-

Potentially Conflicting With

Diegetic Consistency, Diegetically Tangible Game Items, Player Balance, Thematic Consistency

History

An updated version of the pattern Power-Ups that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design[2].

References

  1. Wikipedia entry for Power-Ups.
  2. Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) Patterns in Game Design. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.