Difference between revisions of "Variable Accuracy"

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[[Category:Staffan's current workpage]]
 
 
[[Category:Patterns]]
 
[[Category:Patterns]]
 
[[Category:Mechanical Patterns]]
 
[[Category:Mechanical Patterns]]
 
[[Category:Interface Patterns]]
 
[[Category:Interface Patterns]]
[[Category:Needs work]]
 
 
[[Category:Needs revision]]
 
[[Category:Needs revision]]
[[Category:Needs examples]]
 
 
[[Category:Needs references]]
 
[[Category:Needs references]]
 
[[Category:Patterns created on the Wiki]]
 
[[Category:Patterns created on the Wiki]]
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''Game mechanics to simulate differences in the difficulty to hit what one aims at.''
 
''Game mechanics to simulate differences in the difficulty to hit what one aims at.''
  
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=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
[[Left 4 Dead series]]
+
Perhaps not too surprising, [[Variable Accuracy]] is often found in [[:Category:FPS Games|First-Person Shooters]] focused heavily on combat, e.g. [[America's Army]] and the [[Battlefield series|Battlefield]], [[Far Cry series|Far Cry]], [[Left 4 Dead series|Left 4 Dead]], and [[Red Orchestra series]]. However, they are found in games which combine this with roleplaying elements, e.g. the [[Borderlands]], [[Deus Ex series|Deus Ex]], and [[Fallout series]].
[[Deus Ex series]],  
+
[[Fallout series]]
+
[[Battlefield series]]
+
 
+
 
+
[[Resident Evil series]]
+
[[Metroid series]]  
+
[[Silent Hill series]]
+
[[Metal Gear Solid series]]
+
 
+
[[Borderlands series]]
+
[[Far Cry series]]
+
[[Red Orchestra series]]
+
[[America's Army]]
+
  
 +
More restrictive version of [[Variable Accuracy]] - for example those that limit movement or perception - can be found in horror-oriented games such as the [[Resident Evil series]] and [[Silent Hill series]]. This also occurs in games rewarding stealth (e.g. the [[Metal Gear Solid series]]).
  
 
== Using the pattern ==
 
== Using the pattern ==
[[Variable Accuracy]] requires the presence of [[Weapons]] (conceivably other devices such as cameras could used the pattern as well). That given, three main ways of creating [[Variable Accuracy]] has been identified: ''Wobble Aiming'', ''Iron Sights'', and ''Stationary Aiming''.  
+
[[Variable Accuracy]] requires the presence of [[Weapons]] (conceivably other devices such as cameras could use the pattern as well). That given, three main ways of creating [[Variable Accuracy]] has been identified: ''Wobble Aiming'', ''Iron Sights'', and ''Stationary Aiming''.  
  
Wobble Aiming<ref name="wa"/>, found for example in the [[Left 4 Dead series]], the [[Deus Ex series]], and the latter installments of the [[Fallout series]], is simply that the [[Crosshairs]] either move slightly or that players are presented with a circle showing the potential hit area of a shot. While the latter makes use of [[Randomness]], players are often able to lessen the movement or circles through doing [[Extended Actions]] (aiming) or acquiring better [[Skills]] or [[Upgrades]] for their [[Weapons]].  
+
Wobble Aiming<ref name="wa"/>, found for example in the [[Left 4 Dead series]], the [[Deus Ex series]], and the latter installments of the [[Fallout series]], is simply that the [[Crosshairs]] either move slightly or that players are presented with a circle showing the potential hit area of a shot. While the latter makes use of [[Randomness]], players are often able to lessen the movement or circles through doing [[Extended Actions]] (aiming) or acquiring better [[Skills]] or [[Upgrades]] for their [[Weapons]]. Wobble aiming is very often affected negatively by player [[Movement]], but can also be affected by taking [[Damage]] (either in itself or as extra consequences of [[Critical Hits]] besides taking [[Health]] reductions) or as part of [[Near Miss Indicators]].
  
 +
''Iron Sights''<ref name="iron"/>, used in the [[Far Cry series]], [[Red Orchestra series]], and [[America's Army]] among others, is support of aiming by letting players use the actual diegetic aims and scopes of the [[Weapons]]. What this means typically is that players have an additional action letting them look through their sights, and if they do not do this they may not have [[Crosshairs]] or may have significantly less chance of hitting targets.
  
''Stationary Aiming''<ref name="sa"/> (e.g.
+
The previous option for [[Variable Accuracy]] typically affects [[Movement]], but ''Stationary Aiming''<ref name="sa"/> takes this a step further. Found for examples in the [[Metal Gear Solid series|Metal Gear Solid]], [[Metroid series|Metroid]], [[Resident Evil series|Resident Evil]], and [[Silent Hill series]], this only allows aiming when players are stationary and may even hinder unaimed firing while moving.
[[Resident Evil series]]
+
[[Metroid series]]  
+
[[Silent Hill series]]
+
[[Metal Gear Solid series]]
+
  
''Iron Sights''<ref name="iron"/>, use in the [[Far Cry series]], [[Red Orchestra series]], and [[America's Army]] among others, is supports aiming by letting players use the actual diegetic aims and scopes of the [[Weapons]]. What this means typically is that players have an additional action letting them look through their sights, and if they do not do this they may not have [[Crosshairs]] or may have significantly less chance of hitting targets.
+
These techniques can be combined, e.g. [[Borderlands]] and [[Battlefield series]] uses both wobble aiming and iron sights.
 
+
 
+
These techniques can be combined, e.g. the [[Borderlands series|Borderlands]] and [[Battlefield series]] uses both wobble aiming and iron sights.
+
  
 
=== Diegetic Aspects ===
 
=== Diegetic Aspects ===
[[Variable Accuracy]] is often introduced to increase [[Thematic Consistency]], and as such it is typically also important that the ways players can affect the [[Variable Accuracy]], e.g. the [[Skills]], [[Upgrades]], and [[Weapons]] available fit the setting.
+
[[Variable Accuracy]] is often introduced to increase [[Thematic Consistency]], and as such, it is typically also important that the ways players can affect the [[Variable Accuracy]], e.g. the [[Skills]], [[Upgrades]], and [[Weapons]] available fit the setting.
  
 
=== Interface Aspects ===
 
=== Interface Aspects ===
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== Consequences ==
 
== Consequences ==
[[Variable Accuracy]] is a way of modifying [[Weapons]] so that [[Aim & Shoot]] action, and thereby [[Combat]], becomes more difficult. The level of accuracy attained in games using the [[Variable Accuracy]] is often displayed through a visual change in the [[Crosshairs]] presented to the player. When the [[Variable Accuracy]] depends on [[Skills]] or [[Weapons]] the players has, this creates [[Player/Character Skill Composites]], and these can be further modified by [[Upgrades]].
+
[[Variable Accuracy]] is a way of modifying [[Weapons]] so that [[Aim & Shoot]] action, and thereby [[Combat]], becomes more difficult. The level of accuracy attained in games using the [[Variable Accuracy]] is often displayed through a visual change in the [[Crosshairs]] presented to the player. When the [[Variable Accuracy]] depends on [[Skills]] or [[Weapons]] the players has, this creates [[Player/Character Skill Composites]], and these can be further modified by [[Upgrades]]. The use of sights that have to be activated (i.e. the iron sights option mentioned above) make players limit their perception. This may cause both [[Disruption of Focused Attention]] and [[Surprises]] if this means that other events are unnoticed and then require them to react quickly. The Stationary aiming option for [[Variable Accuracy]] imposes [[Movement Limitations]] as well as making [[Movement]] and aiming into [[Incompatible Goals]].
  
The use of sights that have to be activated (i.e. the iron sights option mentioned above) make players limit their perception. This may cause both [[Disruption of Focused Attention]] and [[Surprises]] if this means that other events are unnoticed and then require them to react quickly.
 
  
 
The introduction of [[Variable Accuracy]], and potentially the addition of [[Skills]], [[Upgrades]], and actions that affect this can make for both [[Challenging Gameplay|Challenging]] and [[Complex Gameplay]]. This is however often a side effect of trying to create [[Player Balance]] by balancing the different [[Weapons]] against each other, most often trying to reduce the effectiveness of sniper weapons. Indirectly, this means that the presence of [[Variable Accuracy]] in games reduces the usefulness of [[Sniper Locations]].
 
The introduction of [[Variable Accuracy]], and potentially the addition of [[Skills]], [[Upgrades]], and actions that affect this can make for both [[Challenging Gameplay|Challenging]] and [[Complex Gameplay]]. This is however often a side effect of trying to create [[Player Balance]] by balancing the different [[Weapons]] against each other, most often trying to reduce the effectiveness of sniper weapons. Indirectly, this means that the presence of [[Variable Accuracy]] in games reduces the usefulness of [[Sniper Locations]].
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[[Challenging Gameplay]],  
 
[[Challenging Gameplay]],  
 
[[Complex Gameplay]],  
 
[[Complex Gameplay]],  
 +
[[Incompatible Goals]],
 +
[[Movement Limitations]],
 
[[Player Balance]],  
 
[[Player Balance]],  
 
[[Thematic Consistency]]
 
[[Thematic Consistency]]
 +
 +
==== with [[Damage]] and [[Health]] ====
 +
[[Critical Hits]]
  
 
==== with [[Skills]] or [[Weapons]] ====
 
==== with [[Skills]] or [[Weapons]] ====
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[[Crosshairs]],  
 
[[Crosshairs]],  
 
[[Disruption of Focused Attention]],  
 
[[Disruption of Focused Attention]],  
 +
[[Movement]],
 
[[Sniper Locations]],  
 
[[Sniper Locations]],  
 
[[Surprises]],  
 
[[Surprises]],  
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=== Can Be Modulated By ===
 
=== Can Be Modulated By ===
 +
[[Damage]],
 +
[[Movement]],
 +
[[Near Miss Indicators]],
 
[[Skills]],  
 
[[Skills]],  
 
[[Upgrades]]
 
[[Upgrades]]

Latest revision as of 13:08, 24 August 2015

Game mechanics to simulate differences in the difficulty to hit what one aims at.

In real life, hitting what one aims at is quite difficult. This is however not the case in games since the granularity of game worlds and the rather simple physics needed to create a basic combat system can result in players always hitting what they aim at. When this is seen as a problem, Variable Accuracy can introduce to make hitting what one aims at depend on more gameplay factors.

Examples

Perhaps not too surprising, Variable Accuracy is often found in First-Person Shooters focused heavily on combat, e.g. America's Army and the Battlefield, Far Cry, Left 4 Dead, and Red Orchestra series. However, they are found in games which combine this with roleplaying elements, e.g. the Borderlands, Deus Ex, and Fallout series.

More restrictive version of Variable Accuracy - for example those that limit movement or perception - can be found in horror-oriented games such as the Resident Evil series and Silent Hill series. This also occurs in games rewarding stealth (e.g. the Metal Gear Solid series).

Using the pattern

Variable Accuracy requires the presence of Weapons (conceivably other devices such as cameras could use the pattern as well). That given, three main ways of creating Variable Accuracy has been identified: Wobble Aiming, Iron Sights, and Stationary Aiming.

Wobble Aiming[1], found for example in the Left 4 Dead series, the Deus Ex series, and the latter installments of the Fallout series, is simply that the Crosshairs either move slightly or that players are presented with a circle showing the potential hit area of a shot. While the latter makes use of Randomness, players are often able to lessen the movement or circles through doing Extended Actions (aiming) or acquiring better Skills or Upgrades for their Weapons. Wobble aiming is very often affected negatively by player Movement, but can also be affected by taking Damage (either in itself or as extra consequences of Critical Hits besides taking Health reductions) or as part of Near Miss Indicators.

Iron Sights[2], used in the Far Cry series, Red Orchestra series, and America's Army among others, is support of aiming by letting players use the actual diegetic aims and scopes of the Weapons. What this means typically is that players have an additional action letting them look through their sights, and if they do not do this they may not have Crosshairs or may have significantly less chance of hitting targets.

The previous option for Variable Accuracy typically affects Movement, but Stationary Aiming[3] takes this a step further. Found for examples in the Metal Gear Solid, Metroid, Resident Evil, and Silent Hill series, this only allows aiming when players are stationary and may even hinder unaimed firing while moving.

These techniques can be combined, e.g. Borderlands and Battlefield series uses both wobble aiming and iron sights.

Diegetic Aspects

Variable Accuracy is often introduced to increase Thematic Consistency, and as such, it is typically also important that the ways players can affect the Variable Accuracy, e.g. the Skills, Upgrades, and Weapons available fit the setting.

Interface Aspects

Variable Accuracy typically requires some work on the game interface, especially concerning how Crosshairs can be used to indicate the level of accuracy one currently has.

Consequences

Variable Accuracy is a way of modifying Weapons so that Aim & Shoot action, and thereby Combat, becomes more difficult. The level of accuracy attained in games using the Variable Accuracy is often displayed through a visual change in the Crosshairs presented to the player. When the Variable Accuracy depends on Skills or Weapons the players has, this creates Player/Character Skill Composites, and these can be further modified by Upgrades. The use of sights that have to be activated (i.e. the iron sights option mentioned above) make players limit their perception. This may cause both Disruption of Focused Attention and Surprises if this means that other events are unnoticed and then require them to react quickly. The Stationary aiming option for Variable Accuracy imposes Movement Limitations as well as making Movement and aiming into Incompatible Goals.


The introduction of Variable Accuracy, and potentially the addition of Skills, Upgrades, and actions that affect this can make for both Challenging and Complex Gameplay. This is however often a side effect of trying to create Player Balance by balancing the different Weapons against each other, most often trying to reduce the effectiveness of sniper weapons. Indirectly, this means that the presence of Variable Accuracy in games reduces the usefulness of Sniper Locations.

By making it less certain that one will hit what one aims at, the pattern works against Predictable Consequences.

Relations

Can Instantiate

Challenging Gameplay, Complex Gameplay, Incompatible Goals, Movement Limitations, Player Balance, Thematic Consistency

with Damage and Health

Critical Hits

with Skills or Weapons

Player/Character Skill Composites

Can Modulate

Aim & Shoot, Combat, Crosshairs, Disruption of Focused Attention, Movement, Sniper Locations, Surprises, Weapons

with Upgrades

Player/Character Skill Composites

Can Be Instantiated By

Extended Actions Randomness, Weapons

Can Be Modulated By

Damage, Movement, Near Miss Indicators, Skills, Upgrades

Possible Closure Effects

-

Potentially Conflicting With

Predictable Consequences

History

New pattern created in this wiki.

References

  1. Page on the GiantBomb site describing Wobble aiming.
  2. Page on the GiantBomb site describing Iron Sights.
  3. Page on the GiantBomb site describing Stationary Aiming.

Acknowledgements

-