Difference between revisions of "Communication Channels"
(→Examples) |
|||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
[[Category:Needs examples]] | [[Category:Needs examples]] | ||
[[Category:Needs references]] | [[Category:Needs references]] | ||
− | |||
''Specific design support for players to send messages to other players through the game.'' | ''Specific design support for players to send messages to other players through the game.'' | ||
Line 15: | Line 14: | ||
==== Anti-Examples ==== | ==== Anti-Examples ==== | ||
− | In [[Pictionary]], teams score points when members of the team guess correctly the words that one of the members tries to draw within a time limit. The player drawing is not allowed to speak so all communication needs to be through the drawing (and some gestures). While this means the game has a very specific communication channel, being able to | + | In [[Pictionary]], teams score points when members of the team guess correctly the words that one of the members tries to draw within a time limit. The player drawing is not allowed to speak so all communication needs to be through the drawing (and some gestures). While this means the game has a very specific communication channel, being able to communicate through that channel is a central part of the game's gameplay. |
The gameplay of [[ESP Game]] relies on players not being able to communicate with each other. For this reason, the game does not only avoid providing any [[Communication Channels]] but also hides players' identities from each other so they cannot establish other [[Communication Channels]] outside the game. | The gameplay of [[ESP Game]] relies on players not being able to communicate with each other. For this reason, the game does not only avoid providing any [[Communication Channels]] but also hides players' identities from each other so they cannot establish other [[Communication Channels]] outside the game. | ||
== Using the pattern == | == Using the pattern == | ||
− | Per its definition, [[Communication Channels]] only makes sense as a way to modify [[Multiplayer Games]] (they are more of less ubiquitous in [[Massively Multiplayer Online Games]]) and is typically used for games with [[Mediated Gameplay]]. There are several reasons why designers of a game might want to have [[Communication Channels]] in a game. The first is that it is typically required for players to be able to have [[Coordination]] with each other, and more specifically support [[Timing]] issues in [[Real-Time Games]]. Another is that the existence and use of [[Communication Channels]] is a prerequisite for any game with [[Mediated Gameplay]] if it is to have [[Social Interaction]] on any higher level. The pattern is equally useful in [[Asynchronous Gameplay|Asynchronous]] as [[Synchronous Gameplay]]. A third reason is that they may be the only medium through which players can do [[Enactment]], and even if this can be done through other means as well it can be used to augmented players' possibility to engage in [[Roleplaying]]. While they can be used for games in general, specific [[Communication Channels]] can also provided to players based on [[Friend Lists]], [[Game Lobbies]], or [[Guilds]] or specific ones may be provided to [[Spectators]]. | + | Per its definition, [[Communication Channels]] only makes sense as a way to modify [[Multiplayer Games]] (they are more of less ubiquitous in [[Massively Multiplayer Online Games]]) and is typically used for games with [[Mediated Gameplay]]. There are several reasons why designers of a game might want to have [[Communication Channels]] in a game. The first is that it is typically required for players to be able to have [[Coordination]] with each other, and more specifically support [[Timing]] issues in [[Real-Time Games]]. Another is that the existence and use of [[Communication Channels]] is a prerequisite for any game with [[Mediated Gameplay]] if it is to have [[Social Interaction]] on any higher level. The pattern is equally useful in [[Asynchronous Gameplay|Asynchronous]] as [[Synchronous Gameplay]]. A third reason is that they may be the only medium through which players can do [[Enactment]], and even if this can be done through other means as well it can be used to augmented players' possibility to engage in [[Roleplaying]]. While they can be used for games in general, specific [[Communication Channels]] can also be provided to players based on [[Friend Lists]], [[Game Lobbies]], or [[Guilds]] or specific ones may be provided to [[Spectators]]. |
[[Chat Channels]], voice channels, and [[Dialogues]] are three basic forms of [[Communication Channels]] that can be used in games, but [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] (such as [[Game Masters]] for example) can be [[Communication Channels]] in themselves. [[Meta-Techniques]] are [[Communication Channels]] used primarily to modify [[Unmediated Social Interaction]] in games. By giving players a [[Game-Defined Vocabulary]] or [[Asymmetric Abilities]] regarding how they can communicate, designers can create more specific types of [[Communication Channels]]. A design choice when constructing [[Communication Channels]] is if players should be able to transmit [[Direct Information|Direct]] or [[Indirect Information]] about the game state to each other. The latter is typically enforced by [[Limited Communication Abilities]] but some form of [[Communication Channels]] are required for an intermediate media to exist. | [[Chat Channels]], voice channels, and [[Dialogues]] are three basic forms of [[Communication Channels]] that can be used in games, but [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] (such as [[Game Masters]] for example) can be [[Communication Channels]] in themselves. [[Meta-Techniques]] are [[Communication Channels]] used primarily to modify [[Unmediated Social Interaction]] in games. By giving players a [[Game-Defined Vocabulary]] or [[Asymmetric Abilities]] regarding how they can communicate, designers can create more specific types of [[Communication Channels]]. A design choice when constructing [[Communication Channels]] is if players should be able to transmit [[Direct Information|Direct]] or [[Indirect Information]] about the game state to each other. The latter is typically enforced by [[Limited Communication Abilities]] but some form of [[Communication Channels]] are required for an intermediate media to exist. | ||
Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
[[Communication Channels]] allow players to interact with each other, and through this can heavily influence how [[Social Organizations]] and [[Social Roles]] emerge or are maintained in games. By doing this it can provide [[Community Functionality]]. The [[Social Interaction]] that [[Communication Channels]] support can give rise to many more specific types of interaction, e.g. [[Bragging]] and [[Negotiation]], and significantly change how [[Helplessness]] functions in [[Multiplayer Games]] by giving rise to [[Guilting]] and addition types of [[Negotiation]]. Games where [[Social Dilemmas]] can be debated over [[Communication Channels]] is even more likely to have [[Negotiation]] and [[Social Interaction]]. All these aspects help make [[Communication Channels]] give players of a game a feeling of [[Togetherness]]. Regardless of quality, [[Communication Channels]] does not provide [[Unmediated Social Interaction]]. | [[Communication Channels]] allow players to interact with each other, and through this can heavily influence how [[Social Organizations]] and [[Social Roles]] emerge or are maintained in games. By doing this it can provide [[Community Functionality]]. The [[Social Interaction]] that [[Communication Channels]] support can give rise to many more specific types of interaction, e.g. [[Bragging]] and [[Negotiation]], and significantly change how [[Helplessness]] functions in [[Multiplayer Games]] by giving rise to [[Guilting]] and addition types of [[Negotiation]]. Games where [[Social Dilemmas]] can be debated over [[Communication Channels]] is even more likely to have [[Negotiation]] and [[Social Interaction]]. All these aspects help make [[Communication Channels]] give players of a game a feeling of [[Togetherness]]. Regardless of quality, [[Communication Channels]] does not provide [[Unmediated Social Interaction]]. | ||
− | Many other types of actions may be possible without [[Communication Channels]] but become | + | Many other types of actions may be possible without [[Communication Channels]] but become easier, more interesting, or more well-grounded when they are discussed through the [[Communication Channels]]. Examples include [[Asynchronous Collaborative Actions]], [[Cooperation]], [[Player Kicking]], [[Social Dilemmas]], [[Team Combos]], [[Trading]], and [[Voting]]. [[Communication Channels]] can easily be used for discussions about other subjects than the specific ongoing gameplay. This is a form of [[Extra-Game Actions|Extra-Game Action]] but may still be relevant to the game, e.g. exchanging [[Trans-Game Information]] such as gameplay strategies. |
[[Communication Channels]] provide a basic requirement for players to have a [[Possibility of Anonymity]], but since players may be reveal things about themselves to other players, [[Enforced Player Anonymity]] may be impossible and the pattern may work against [[Actor Detachment]]. As mentioned above, they may also choose to break the [[Diegetic Consistency]]. | [[Communication Channels]] provide a basic requirement for players to have a [[Possibility of Anonymity]], but since players may be reveal things about themselves to other players, [[Enforced Player Anonymity]] may be impossible and the pattern may work against [[Actor Detachment]]. As mentioned above, they may also choose to break the [[Diegetic Consistency]]. |
Revision as of 14:20, 28 July 2014
Specific design support for players to send messages to other players through the game.
Games often make players want to communicate with each other. While players can in theory use any part of a game which they can affect and other players can perceived as a way to communicate, Communication Channels signify parts of a game design that is dedicated to communication. In many cases these Communication Channels are technical systems but they do not necessarily need to be this.
Contents
Examples
Massively Multiplayer Online Games such as BatMUD, Eve Online, Kingdoms, and World of Warcraft usually provide many different kinds of Communication Channels for the players, from chat channels to predefined gestures for the players' avatars.
Both the Battlefield series and the Left 4 Dead series allow players pie menus to quick communicate about specific gameplay issues in addition to providing chat channels.
Anti-Examples
In Pictionary, teams score points when members of the team guess correctly the words that one of the members tries to draw within a time limit. The player drawing is not allowed to speak so all communication needs to be through the drawing (and some gestures). While this means the game has a very specific communication channel, being able to communicate through that channel is a central part of the game's gameplay.
The gameplay of ESP Game relies on players not being able to communicate with each other. For this reason, the game does not only avoid providing any Communication Channels but also hides players' identities from each other so they cannot establish other Communication Channels outside the game.
Using the pattern
Per its definition, Communication Channels only makes sense as a way to modify Multiplayer Games (they are more of less ubiquitous in Massively Multiplayer Online Games) and is typically used for games with Mediated Gameplay. There are several reasons why designers of a game might want to have Communication Channels in a game. The first is that it is typically required for players to be able to have Coordination with each other, and more specifically support Timing issues in Real-Time Games. Another is that the existence and use of Communication Channels is a prerequisite for any game with Mediated Gameplay if it is to have Social Interaction on any higher level. The pattern is equally useful in Asynchronous as Synchronous Gameplay. A third reason is that they may be the only medium through which players can do Enactment, and even if this can be done through other means as well it can be used to augmented players' possibility to engage in Roleplaying. While they can be used for games in general, specific Communication Channels can also be provided to players based on Friend Lists, Game Lobbies, or Guilds or specific ones may be provided to Spectators.
Chat Channels, voice channels, and Dialogues are three basic forms of Communication Channels that can be used in games, but Dedicated Game Facilitators (such as Game Masters for example) can be Communication Channels in themselves. Meta-Techniques are Communication Channels used primarily to modify Unmediated Social Interaction in games. By giving players a Game-Defined Vocabulary or Asymmetric Abilities regarding how they can communicate, designers can create more specific types of Communication Channels. A design choice when constructing Communication Channels is if players should be able to transmit Direct or Indirect Information about the game state to each other. The latter is typically enforced by Limited Communication Abilities but some form of Communication Channels are required for an intermediate media to exist.
Communication Channels can ensure that messages from the game system is Public Information. Likewise, it can allow players to provide information to all other players so that it becomes Public Information. Uncertainty of Information can be introduce through Communication Channels by game systems intercepting messages and modifying them before sending them to their original receiver, or simply by creating false ones. A weak examples of this can be found in how World of Warcraft manipulates the messages of drunk Characters by changing most "s" to "sh" and intermittently adding "... hic!" to the end of sentences.
While Communication Channels may seem unnecessary for game with Unmediated Social Interaction, it can be used to provide Secret Communication in these.
Diegetic Aspects
Communication Channels open up the possibility for Diegetic Communication between players and thereby Diegetic Consistency. However, players may also use these channels to break the Diegetic Consistency by initiating Non-Diegetic Communication so this design solution puts the players in power and responsibility of determined if this should be maintained. When there are several types of Communication Channels, or when Communication Channels complement Unmediated Social Interaction, this provides ways to modulate Diegetic and Non-Diegetic Communication so that different channels can be used for different types of communication.
Interface Aspects
Since Communication Channels focuses on communication between players rather than gameplay action, it is a Interface Pattern. It is however still a gameplay pattern since Communication Channels can support actual gameplay actions in addition to the communication.
Consequences
Communication Channels allow players to interact with each other, and through this can heavily influence how Social Organizations and Social Roles emerge or are maintained in games. By doing this it can provide Community Functionality. The Social Interaction that Communication Channels support can give rise to many more specific types of interaction, e.g. Bragging and Negotiation, and significantly change how Helplessness functions in Multiplayer Games by giving rise to Guilting and addition types of Negotiation. Games where Social Dilemmas can be debated over Communication Channels is even more likely to have Negotiation and Social Interaction. All these aspects help make Communication Channels give players of a game a feeling of Togetherness. Regardless of quality, Communication Channels does not provide Unmediated Social Interaction.
Many other types of actions may be possible without Communication Channels but become easier, more interesting, or more well-grounded when they are discussed through the Communication Channels. Examples include Asynchronous Collaborative Actions, Cooperation, Player Kicking, Social Dilemmas, Team Combos, Trading, and Voting. Communication Channels can easily be used for discussions about other subjects than the specific ongoing gameplay. This is a form of Extra-Game Action but may still be relevant to the game, e.g. exchanging Trans-Game Information such as gameplay strategies.
Communication Channels provide a basic requirement for players to have a Possibility of Anonymity, but since players may be reveal things about themselves to other players, Enforced Player Anonymity may be impossible and the pattern may work against Actor Detachment. As mentioned above, they may also choose to break the Diegetic Consistency.
Enforced Player Anonymity is related to Communication Channels in another way, namely that unless a game has Enforced Player Anonymity players can create their own Communication Channels by using Skype, mobile phone, instant messaging, etc. which are not part of the game system itself. Thus, in many games players can establish communication with each other and game designer can relate to this either by supporting Communication Channels, or less common, making it difficult for players to create their own Communication Channels.
Relations
Can Instantiate
Bragging, Community Functionality, Coordination, Diegetic Communication, Diegetic Consistency, Direct Information, Enactment, Extra-Game Actions, Indirect Information, Non-Diegetic Communication, Negotiation, Possibility of Anonymity, Social Roles, Togetherness, Trans-Game Information, Uncertainty of Information
with Helplessness
with Mediated Gameplay
with Social Dilemmas
Negotiation, Social Interaction
with Unmediated Social Interaction
Can Modulate
Asynchronous Collaborative Actions, Asynchronous Gameplay, Cooperation, Diegetic Communication, Friend Lists, Game Lobbies, Guilds, Massively Multiplayer Online Games, Mediated Gameplay, Multiplayer Games, Non-Diegetic Communication, Player Kicking, Public Information, Real-Time Games, Roleplaying, Social Dilemmas, Social Organizations, Spectators, Synchronous Gameplay, Team Combos, Timing, Trading, Voting
Helplessness in Multiplayer Games
Can Be Instantiated By
Chat Channels, Dedicated Game Facilitators, Dialogues, Meta-Techniques
Can Be Modulated By
Asymmetric Abilities, Game-Defined Vocabulary, Limited Communication Abilities
Possible Closure Effects
-
Potentially Conflicting With
Actor Detachment, Enforced Player Anonymity, Diegetic Consistency, Unmediated Social Interaction
History
An heavily updated version of the pattern Communication Channels that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design[1].
References
- ↑ Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) Patterns in Game Design. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.
Acknowledgements
-