Difference between revisions of "Committed Goals"

Latest revision as of 15:23, 19 March 2018

Goals that players have entered a form of contract to try and fulfill.

Although most games have many goals in them, players do not have to accept or strive to complete all of them. However, there are goals that players need to strive towards. This might be because they are forced to or because they will suffer some form of penalty if the goals are not completed. Such goals are Committed Goals. Another type of Committed Goal occurs when players have to choose between a number of goals to try and complete; here the commitment is based on the fact that players have chosen so they cannot succeed with other goals and thereby committed themselves to the chosen goals.

Examples

The winning conditions of games such as Chess or Go are Committed Goals that players have to strive for; if they are not working toward these conditions, they are not playing the game.

In the board game Ticket to Ride, players can commit to building a railway line between cities. Once committed, the player will at the end of the game either receive a certain amount of points if successful or be penalized by the same amount if the line is not completed. A similar example can be found in the trick-based card game Bridge.

Using the pattern

Committed Goals are typically used in games for a number of different reasons. One is to make stronger Closure Points since both successes and failures are likely to have emotional effects. Another is to evoke more Emotional Engrossment in players. This can be due to players' being aware of the stronger Closure Points but also due to players having selected the goals and they thereby are more likely to be felt like their goals. A third reason since to be able to force players to have to choose between several Committed Goals they have and thereby have Internal Conflicts. A final, more specific, reason may be to set up situations where players can or have to engage in Betrayal related to a Committed Goals.

While many goals can be Committed Goals or share much with Committed Goals, the defining feature of Committed Goals is that players have to commit to the goals and that the commitment brings with it a (potential) penalty. This means that Committed Goals need to be Optional Goals, although it may be that players only have a choice of selecting one goal from a group of two or more goals. Further, a Penalty needs to be related to the goal. The penalty associated with a Committed Goal can either be that players can suffer a penalty if they fail or that they have forsaken the chance to fulfill other goals by committing to that particular goal. Committed Goals can be shared between Players (or more correctly Agents), e.g. if they engage in Collaborative Actions where failure leads to Shared Penalties. Negotiation can be allowed to give players some freedom regarding the exact Penalties and Rewards of Committed Goals if the goals are shared or if someone else can offer the goal to the players.

Some goals and other design structures in games create Committed Goals. Investments is a clear case where players have voluntary committed some Resource with the hopes of having a future Reward. Less explicit is joining Factions or declaring Loyalty to some game entity; here, players choose to be part of some social structure for some gain but typically risk negative consequences if they do not live up to social expectations (an example of Actions Have Diegetically Social Consequences).

All Committed Goals support a weak form of Trade-Offs since players can choose between taking on the goal or ignoring it. However, this becomes stronger if players are presented with several Committed Goals to choose from and especially so if these are Excluding Goals.

Players can create Committed Goals whenever they perform actions they helps others (and not directly themselves) for the hopes of those others helping them back in the future. This is a commitment since performing such actions is typically an Investment with a cost (if nothing else losing the opportunity of having done another action) as well as a penalty of not receiving help back. Performing such Committed Goals is therefore a way for players to engage in Delayed Reciprocity situations. Another example of Committed Goals that players can create is to engage in Betting on outcomes of the game. This is outside the rules of the game, i.e. the Rewards and Penalties are Extra-Game Consequences, so designers cannot hinder this but can try to discourage (or encourage) it how the game is presented.

Pottering usually doesn't work together with Committed Goals since the nature of Pottering is to not pressure players regarding Penalties or Rewards when handling game Resources.

Consequences

Since Committed Goals are undertakings chosen by players, they can support Emotional Engrossment and create stronger Closure Points as they in one sense are more the players' goals than those enforced upon players. Also, since they are chosen given potential Penalties and Rewards, they are also very likely to make players consider Risk/Reward ratios. However, having Committed Goals can make Agents in games have what is equal to Enforced Agent Behavior when the Penalties of the goals make it paramount to try to succeed with them.

Quests provide players with Risk/Reward choices since they Quests are Committed Goals that have both Penalties and Rewards associated with them.

Players gain Gain Information goals when they know that other players having Committed Goals but do not know the details of them (i.e. when they are to a certain extent Secret Goals).

Relations

Can Instantiate

Delayed Reciprocity, Emotional Engrossment, Enforced Agent Behavior, Internal Conflicts, Risk/Reward, Trade-Offs

with Excluding Goals

Trade-Offs

with Quests

Risk/Reward

with Secret Goals

Gain Information

Can Modulate

Closure Points, Player-Decided Distributions

Can Be Instantiated By

Betting, Factions, Investments, Loyalty

Optional Goals together with Penalties

Betting together with Extra-Game Consequences

Collaborative Actions together with Shared Penalties

Can Be Modulated By

Betrayal, Negotiation

Possible Closure Effects

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Potentially Conflicting With

Pottering

History

An updated version of the pattern Committed Goals that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design^[1].

References

1. ↑ Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) Patterns in Game Design. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.

Acknowledgements

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