Difference between revisions of "Incompatible Goals"

Revision as of 16:06, 3 October 2016

Two or more goals that cannot be fulfilled simultaneously due to having end conditions that are mutually exclusive.

Games typically provide players with goal to work towards as well as providing challenges that make succeeding with the goals more difficult. One way of making goals more challenging is to provide goal that are incompatible with each other, either because one player cannot complete all at the same time or because it sets up other players of the game to work against the completion of the goal. Such sets of goals that cannot be completed at the same time are Incompatible Goals.

Examples

Tag, where the goal of the chaser to catch the other players, the chaser's goal of tagging cannot be fulfilled at the same time as other players' goals of not being caught.

All Racing Games, e.g. the F-Zero series, Formula D, the Mario Kart series and even Snakes and Ladders have Incompatible Goals in that all players have the goal of being first but only one can be first. The exception is games that allow for tied results.

Many First-Person Shooter Games pitch players or teams against each other by giving them goals regarding at least killing each other. Some of them also provide goals for one team to move to a certain place and the other team to prevent this. Others give goals to teams to steal the other teams' flags while the owners of those flags should protect them. The Left 4 Dead series, Quake series, and Unreal Tournament series together with various mods developed for them provide several examples of these types of Incompatible Goals.

In the board game Time Agent, six different species try to manipulate the past so that events promoting their species occur and events bad for them disappear out of history. Most of these events have at least one species wanting them to exist and at least one species that wants to erase them.

Using the pattern

Two forms of Incompatible Goals exists; those that cannot at all be completed at the same time and those that cannot be completed by one player at the same time. The latter can be used to force players to have to choose which goals to aim for or what order the goals should be completed in. This can modify how players have to deal with Attention Swapping, Player-Planned Development, Sidequests but can also affect their Roleplaying in games where players engage in this.

The latter can also be used to ensure that one players cannot block other players from all goals as well as actually encouraging players to perform Collaborative Actions of completing these simultaneously. The main reason for this is if completion the Incompatible Goals simultaneously is in fact another goal, e.g. having to press two different buttons at different locations to trigger an effect.

There are some patterns that can be used to easily create Incompatible Goals. Connection goals can be incompatible to each other if they need to cross each other while Contact goals can be incompatible to each other if they need to touch the same game element and enough space for all to do so doesn't exist. Variable Accuracy provides Incompatible Goals when it makes players have to choose between aiming and moving.

Preventing Goals are Incompatible Goals with their target goals. Excluding Goals by their definition are also Incompatible Goals but not the other way around. This since the completion of one goal in a set of Incompatible Goals does not have to make the others impossible to complete later, just that both goals cannot be fulfilled at the same time. Tiebreakers add rules to ensure that goals that would otherwise be compatible are not compatible.

Rather naturally, Incompatible Goals are incompatible with Mutual Goals in that a group of goals cannot be of both types at the same time. They are also incompatible with Tied Results since these by definition allows several specific goals to be completed together.

Narration Aspects

Incompatible Goals can be used to add tensions and conflicts to Narration Structures, thereby create symmetry between a game's gameplay goals and its narration.

Consequences

Incompatible Goals between players or Agents are likely to lead to Competition or Conflicts. In the case where the goals can lead to actual Player Elimination they create Last Man Standing goals. They can also create Internal Rivalry if the players or Agents are in the same Team or other group with common goals, which may also cause Social Dilemmas. In contrast, Incompatible Goals leads to Internal Conflicts if a player or Agent has goals which are incompatible with each other. Incompatible Goals which are not incompatible if performed by different players or Agents can make these perform Collaborative Actions to complete all the goals.

When the different goals are created by completing various types of Configuration, Incompatible Goals create a Selectable Set of Goals.

Incompatible Goals typically lead to Varied Gameplay between game instances since completing one in a game instance is quite likely to provide different gameplay than completing another in another game instance.

Relations

Can Instantiate

Collaborative Actions, Competition, Conflicts, Internal Conflicts, Internal Rivalry, Last Man Standing, Social Dilemmas, Varied Gameplay

with Configuration

Selectable Set of Goals

Can Modulate

Attention Swapping, Narration Structures, Player-Planned Development, Roleplaying, Sidequests

Can Be Instantiated By

Connection, Contact, Excluding Goals, Open Destiny, Preventing Goals, Tiebreakers, Variable Accuracy

Can Be Modulated By

-

Possible Closure Effects

-

Potentially Conflicting With

Mutual Goals, Tied Results

History

An updated version of the pattern Incompatible Goals that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design^[1].

References

1. ↑ Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) Patterns in Game Design. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.

Acknowledgements

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