Construction
The action of introducing or rearranging game elements to create structures in game worlds.
Building is a common activity possible in games; this may be actual constructions or simply actions that are diegetically presented as constructing something but other possibilities exist. One is that players may construct their own set of game elements to bring to a game, which may include actually building or creating them also. Another is that the main activity for players is to create the code that will be performing the actual gameplay.
Contents
Examples
Building houses and hotels in Monopoly and pyramids in Amun-Re are simple examples of how game actions can represent Construction, and this exists in computer games such as FarmVille and Ravenwood Fair as well. The Sims series combines this with controlling the 'Sims' or simply letting them behave as they wish in the houses constructed by the players. Games such as the SimCity series, the Incredible Machine game series, Pontifex, Minecraft, and Slaves to Armok II: Dwarf Fortress all focus heavily on building, and the two latter do that to a level of complexity that players have constructed computers within the games. Carcassonne shows how Construction can be used to create the game world as the game is being played. Spore is noteworthy in that it supports Construction on many different levels throughout the gameplay: from characteristics of microorganism to the development of bases on other planets as well as terraforming them. P-Robots and Crobots are games where the only influence players can have on the gameplay is how they program the robots. Although Construction is part of the diegesis of Puerto Rico and Race for the Galaxy, here players win or lose by how they build the functionality of their colonies and empires respectively, and an important part of mastering the game is knowing how to construct efficient combinations.
Some games make construction privileged actions for some players. Typical cases for this is so-called 'class-based' FPS Games, for example the 'engineer' class in the Team Fortress series and the 'field ops', 'engineer', 'constructor', and 'technician' classes in Enemy Territory: Quake Wars.
Tabletop Roleplaying Games such as Dungeons & Dragons and Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay most often have ready-made game worlds and narratives but the final touches are made by the game masters, besides that players often get to create their own characters. This was continued in early Massively Multiplayer Online Games, e.g. Kingdoms and DragonMud, where players that had shown their commitment could expand the game rules and game world. Some of the later commercial versions, e.g. Ultima Online, maintained aspects of this by letting players buy (and thereby build) houses. Superstruct shows how Construction can be used to stimulate players to create and describe future versions of themselves and how big scale modern day problem can be solved.
Players of Warhammer Fantasy Battle and Warhammer 40K need to construct the armies which they intended to play with using ones they have purchased. The Collectible Card Games Magic: The Gathering and Pokémon Trading Card Game work in a similar fashion. For those participating in Live Action Roleplaying Games such as 1942 – Noen å stole på and Dragonbane need to create not only some items with narrative importance, such as full-scale dragons, but also everyday utensils and clothing.
Using the pattern
The design of Construction consists of choosing what game elements (or other material) is the basis for the activity, what the end result of the activity is, and what is required to be able to perform the activity. There are many possible type of game elements usable as building materials but examples include Units (in Warhammer Fantasy Battle) and Tiles (in Carcassonne). Since Construction cannot typically be done without any restrictions, the material chosen becomes a Resource if it was not already. Construction do not need any base material but if this is the case there is typically some other Resources linked to the action, or the action has limitations (e.g. through Action Caps).
Units can also be the end result of Construction, as can Equipment and Tools, and by doing so one modify their presence. Another possible end result is the Construction of permanent Combos, which for example success in Puerto Rico and Race for the Galaxy depend upon. These Combos can intentionally be put into the game design as a way to modulate Construction but can also easily emerge as an effect.
The game elements used from Construction can come from a number of different source. One is from outside the game as Game Element Insertion, while another is that they are created by the game system and a third is that they are simply rearranged within the Game Worlds through Movement.
Player Created Game Elements Player-Created Characters
or within the game but
Coding can be a form of Construction when is used to support Action Programming or the create of AI Players, as for example done in Probots and C-Robots. This is taken further in the Player Constructed Worlds of early Massively Multiplayer Games such as Kingdoms and DragonMud since the actual Game Worlds are the result of player Construction. Taking this even more step further is the examples of how players construct computers in games such as Conway's Game of Life[1], Minecraft[2], and Slaves to Armok II: Dwarf Fortress[3] to be able to code within the Game Worlds.
Casual Gameplay Private Game Spaces Freedom of Choice Heterogeneous Game Element Ownership Multiplayer Games Zero-Player Games Single-Player Games Persistent Game Worlds
The main design choices for supporting Construction include the design of the new game elements that are the product of the action, what Resources are needed, the possibility of succeeding, and the variations in designs that the players can create. Requiring scarce Resources for construction to occur can give rise to Exploration or Gain Ownership as well as Trading. Linking the chance of success to a Skill encourages Construction as a Competence Area. Allowing a large variation in the possible Constructions give players a Freedom of Choice and the Creative Control to Experiment and select Player Defined Goals. The possibility of failed Constructions leading to alternative Constructions also encourages Experimenting.
The amount of Construction in a game can easily be limited by making it a Privileged Ability.
Diegetic Aspects
Interface Aspects
Narrative Aspects
Consequences
Construction allows the creation and modification of Game Worlds. It also easily gives rise to Combos and Emergent Gameplay, and knowing about these effects is often part of what is required to have Game Mastery in games focusing on Construction.
The introduction of game elements through Construction is functionally similar to the effect of Producers but does not need to use Spawning. As such, Construction can more easily be given representations that allow the introduction of Game Elements in Game Worlds without breaking Diegetic Consistency.
Construction actions typically represent Investments and are perceived as Constructive Play. With enough possible permutations in what and how to construct things, the pattern gives Freedom of Choice and Creative Control which in turn can lead to Surprises, both for themselves and others. When players can create game elements that affect the Game Worlds, especially in Persistent Game Worlds, Construction can enable Player Constructed Worlds.
When Tiles are used for the Construction of Game Worlds, this gives rise to Tile-Laying.
Relations
Can Instantiate
Freedom of Choice, Combos, Constructive Play, Creative Control, Emergent Gameplay, Investments, Player Constructed Worlds, Producers, Resources
with Combos or Emergent Gameplay
with Creative Control
with Tiles
Can Modulate
Can Be Instantiated By
Action Programming, AI Players, Game Element Insertion, Movement, Tiles, Units
Can Be Modulated By
Possible Closure Effects
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Potentially Conflicting With
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History
An updated version of the pattern Construction that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design[4].
References
- ↑ aul Chapman (November 11, 2002). Life Universal Computer. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
- ↑ Forum thread about building redstone computer on the official forum for Minecraft.
- ↑ Forum thread 'Dwarven Computer' at the official site for Slaves to Armok II: Dwarf Fortress.
- ↑ Björk, S. & Holopainen, J. (2004) Patterns in Game Design. Charles River Media. ISBN1-58450-354-8.
Acknowledgements
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