Dexterity-Based Actions

Actions whose success or failure depends on some form of dexterity, in most cases, eye-hand coordination.

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While many associate sports with physical challenges and games with mental challenges, this mapping is false for many reasons. First, all sports are built upon games since

Dexterity-Based Actions

. Second, many games besides sports

Dexterity-Based Actions are those actions whose effects are determined by how the player physically performs them. The effects of the actions do not have to be directly connected to what the player is manipulating for actions to be dexterous: billiards and computer games are examples of how games can be manipulated through indirect control.

Examples

Most sports require skillful Dexterity-Based Actions as part of Game Mastery, and this is often used to define what a sport is. The question of whether Chess is a sport shows that this definition is not fully accepted by everyone.

Sprints

Pole Vaulting

Long Jump

Javelin Throw

Ascending Empires

Jenga

Soccer

Ice Hockey

Moving Avatars in first-person shooters can be seen as a Dexterity-Based Action, since players can get feedback quickly enough to feel immersed in the virtual environment.

Rock Band series

Donkey Konga series

First-Person Shooters

Racing Games

Platform Games

Using the pattern

Dexterity-Based Actions are present in both traditional games and computer games, but are mediated in computer games. However, they must be Real-Time Games, and response times from computer systems can affect Dexterity-Based Actions negatively; if actions take much time before they are enacted---typically above 100 milliseconds---they do not seem to be the immediate effect of player actions and thereby do not seem to be Dexterity-Based Actions. This can somewhat be mitigated with games that have few Surprises and either use Timing for single actions together with Progress Indicators or use Rhythm-Based Actions where the delays can be ignored for the internal rhythm that players can maintain.

Examples of actions that require Dexterity-Based Actions are Movement that requires Maneuvering, especially to avoid Obstacles, and various forms of Combat or games with Overcome goals, with Aim & Shoot being a particularly common form in computer games. The difficulty of Dexterity-Based Actions can be modulated by making players manipulate game elements through Indirect Control.

The difficulty of Dexterity-Based Actions is dependent on how the players perceive the Game World. Although First-Person Views give players Spatial Immersion and thereby a perception of the game state, which is directly related to the actions that are to be performed, Third-Person Views can sometimes be easier, since they make it easier to see the relation between their Focus Loci and the environment. For example, timing the jump over a chasm can be easier with a Third-Person View than a First-Person View, as players can see exactly when to push off while still seeing where one is going. Likewise, Maneuvering a vehicle can be easier from a Third-Person View, as one can see the distance to other objects more easily and can have a better sense of scale.

Surprises make ongoing Dexterity-Based Actions difficult, and the success of Dexterity-Based Actions is easily destroyed by any Disruption of Focused Attention events. For non-mediated Dexterity-Based Actions in sports, e. g., archery, the high levels of Game Mastery can be described as being able to ignore all Disruption of Focused Attention events, including the ones generated by one's own thoughts.

Dexterity-Based Actions are present in Real-Time Games where either Timing orExtended Actions is required; in the latter case, with a granularity so small that players do not notice the end of one action and the start of another action.

can modulate Real-Time Games

Can Be Instantiated By

Avatars, Cameras, Maneuvering, Obstacles, Rhythm-Based Actions

Real-Time Games together with Aim & Shoot, Capture, Combat

Interface Aspects

The interfaces that allow Dexterity-Based Actions are often of essential concern for games with these types of actions. This can be seen not only in the specialized equipment for the Donkey Konga and Rock Band series (and peripheral such as steering wheels for Racing Games) but also the heavy regulation regarding which equipment is allowed in sporting competitions such as Long Jump, Javelin Throw, and Pole Vaulting. For this reason, Dexterity-Based Actions is an.

Consequences

Dexterity-Based Actions are typically Extended Actions that allow players to enter both Sensory-Motoric and Spatial Engrossment. Mastering Dexterity-Based Actions often forms the core of Game Mastery in Real-Time Games, and provide easy access route for creating Player/Character Skill Composites in games. Since players often have a high degree of granularity to affect the outcome when they use their bodies to perform Dexterity-Based Actions, this can lead to an Exaggerated Perception of Influence.

Relations

Can Instantiate

Exaggerated Perception of Influence, Extended Actions, Game Mastery, Player/Character Skill Composites, Sensory-Motoric, Spatial Engrossment

Can Modulate

Real-Time Games

Can Be Instantiated By

Avatars, Cameras, Maneuvering, Obstacles, Rhythm-Based Actions

Real-Time Games together with Aim & Shoot, Capture, Combat

Can Be Modulated By

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Possible Closure Effects

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Potentially Conflicting With

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History

An updated version of the pattern Dexterity-Based Actions that was part of the original collection in the book Patterns in Game Design.

Acknowledgements

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