Massively Single-Player Online Games

Games that make use of other players' game instances to provide input to the game state.

Many games, ranging from Solitaire to computer games where one players against the computer, are single-player games. These can however have some aspects of multiplayer games by letting the actions of other players in other games somehow influence the gameplay. These games are called Massively Single-Player Online Games due to the fact that they have become feasible mainly through automation computers offers and the connectivity the internet provides. They let designers provide players with a middle option between the socially loaded gameplay of multiplayer games and the isolated gameplay of single-player games - single-player games can of course provide or encourage social interaction outside gameplay and play sessions (c.f. Stenros 2009).

Examples

The high score lists of the arcade games Pac-Man and Space Invaders can be seen as the first forms of Massively Single-Player Online Games since the previous players' scores help set goals for future players. Crobots and NetHack are less obvious examples of Massively Single-Player Online Games that precede online gaming. The code and messages created by players of the games are stored locally on the computers they are played on and can only affect the game instances that follow on that computer, or on computer that have been installed with all the files from those game installations.

Players of Spore can create their own species, vehicles and buildings as part of following a species development from single cell life-form to interstellar society. The other life-forms encountered during the gameplay are a mix of those created by the game developers and those created by other players are downloaded from online sources.

When played online, Demon's Soul uses the actions of players' in one game session to provide hint to others in the form of ghostly replays, blood stains where they have died, or messages scribbled on the floor. People can also choose to play against each other, and in this mode players can visit other players' games to try and kill the host to get a reward in their own game instance.

4 Minutes and 33 Seconds of Uniqueness uses the fact that others are playing the game also as input to game instances. This by making players lose if any other player begins to play during their own game instance. Icy Tower can be seen as a weak example of Massively Single-Player Online Games. In it the avatars of other players are placed in the game world to show the highest platform they reached.

Using the pattern

High Score Lists is a simple way of creating Massively Single-Player Online Games through the Meta Game Competitions of having the highest Scores they support, but does so even stronger through Global High Score Lists. The use of Speed Runs and Ghosts are more specific ways of doing this that lets other players' performances be visible within Game Worlds (see Demon's Soul for examples of this use of Ghosts). Asynchronous Games with Private Game Spaces and little interaction between players is another way of providing Massively Single-Player Online Games since each player can treat their game space as a game of their own.

The effect players can have on each other can be seen as a form of Social Interaction. Visits is one way to add more Social Interaction which doesn't need players to be playing at the same time but does require that the games have Persistent Game Worlds (as is the case if they are supposed to be Tick-Based Games). Free Gift Inventories have similar possibility but do not require Persistent Game Worlds. Both are ways to allow Altruistic Actions in these types of games, and these might be examples of Non-Player Help if anybody can perform the actions regardless of if they are playing the games themselves or not. However, if having Challenging Gameplay or Conflict is wanted, Visits can be used to provide Enemies (as for example done in Demon's Soul).

It is relatively trivial to include the pattern of Late Arriving Players in Massively Single-Player Online Games given the little and still existent interaction between players.

Consequences

Massively Single-Player Online Games are a way of modifying Single-Player Games through Trans-Game Information, and they always instantiate Meta Games since part of its defining characteristics is that one game instance affects another and thereby create a level of interaction about the game itself.

Although not Multiplayer Games per se, Massively Single-Player Online Games offers some aspects of them which can allow Social Interaction without risking to destroy Casual Gameplay.

Relations

Can Instantiate

Meta Games, Social Interaction

Can Modulate

Casual Gameplay, Single-Player Games

Can Be Instantiated By

Ghosts, Global High Score Lists, High Score Lists, Speed Runs, Trans-Game Information

Asynchronous Games together with Private Game Spaces

Can Be Modulated By

Altruistic Actions, Free Gift Inventories, Late Arriving Players, Non-Player Help, Persistent Game Worlds, Tick-Based Games, Visits

Possible Closure Effects

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Potentially Conflicting With

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History

New pattern created in this wiki.

Acknowledgments

Jonas Linderoth, Frans Mäyrä